2020高考英語(yǔ)新創(chuàng)新一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法 第三部分 第四講 狀語(yǔ)從句學(xué)案（含解析）北師大版.doc

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第四講狀語(yǔ)從句 時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句　 [全析考法] Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2018北京高考改編)________ we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. 解析：If　句意：如果我們不阻止氣候變化，世界上的許多動(dòng)植物將會(huì)消失。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)該用 if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示主句內(nèi)容發(fā)生的條件。 2．(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Over time, ________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 解析： as/when　句意：慢慢地，隨著人口的增加(或：當(dāng)人口增加時(shí))，為了使食物熟得更快，人們開(kāi)始把食物切成小塊。根據(jù)句意可知，此處可用as/when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 3．(2016四川高考)The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does.________ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little forting pats. 解析： When/If　第二句句意：當(dāng)它哭的時(shí)候/如果它哭了，熊貓媽媽會(huì)來(lái)回?fù)u晃它，輕輕拍打，給它安慰。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)填when或if。 4．(2014遼寧高考)Unbelievable! Oh ...，________ you dont mind, Ill stop and take a deep breath. 解析：if　此處表示：噢……如果你不介意，我要停下來(lái)做一下深呼吸。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)填if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.________________ 解析：where→when　根據(jù)句意可知，父母是在我小時(shí)候教我玩紙牌的，所以此處要用when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 2．(2015陜西高考)My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up. ________________ 解析： after→when/while　句意：我所犯的唯一的錯(cuò)誤就是當(dāng)我打包它們(餅干)的時(shí)候，掉在了地上一些。when/while“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，after“在……之后”。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)將after改為when/while。 [謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則] (一)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 1．when, while和as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 連詞 含義 用法 when 當(dāng)……時(shí)候 可與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用；從句動(dòng)作可以發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前、之后或與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 while 當(dāng)……時(shí)候 只可與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用；側(cè)重于主句動(dòng)作與從句動(dòng)作相對(duì)比 as 一邊……一邊……；隨著 常與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用；從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生 　　Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played, sales of French wines went up.英國(guó)的研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)，播放法國(guó)音樂(lè)時(shí)，法國(guó)葡萄酒的銷量會(huì)增加。 While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images. 孩子們?cè)诳措娨暤臅r(shí)候，接收的不只是文字和圖像信息。 As he grew older, he became less active. 隨著他逐漸長(zhǎng)大，他變得不那么活潑了。 [特別注意]　如果主句表示的是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)作，而從句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，則when, while與as可互換使用。 When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend. 我正沿著大街走時(shí)，碰巧遇到了我的一個(gè)老朋友。 2．表示“一……就……”含義的詞或短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 (1)有的名詞(短語(yǔ))或副詞可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，如：the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly等，另外as soon as也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中用一般時(shí)態(tài)代替將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。 For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start adjusting your biological clock to the destinations time.例如，你一上飛機(jī)，就開(kāi)始按照目的地的時(shí)間調(diào)整你的生物鐘。 The boy ran off the minute he saw the owner of the orchard.那個(gè)男孩一見(jiàn)到果園的主人就跑開(kāi)了。 (2)在hardly/scarcely ... when/before ...和no sooner ... than ...結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，than, before或when所在的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 I had hardly told him the news when he stopped listening. 我一告訴他那則消息他就不聽(tīng)了。 He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.他一完成演講，學(xué)生就開(kāi)始?xì)g呼起來(lái)。 [特別注意]　在hardly/scarcely ... when/before ..., no sooner ... than ...結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)hardly, scarcely或no sooner位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。 They had hardly reached Edinburgh when they were ordered to return to London. ＝Hardly had they reached Edinburgh when they were ordered to return to London. 他們剛抵達(dá)愛(ài)丁堡就接到了回倫敦的命令。 3．till, until和not ... until/till的用法 until, till兩者均表示“直到……為止”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。肯定句中，其主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示某動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到某時(shí)間為止。not ... until ..., not ... till ...兩者均表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示某動(dòng)作直到某時(shí)間才開(kāi)始。until可用于句首，而till不可放在句首，till一般不用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。 The father waited until his daughter had finished her homework.那位父親一直等到他的女兒做完家庭作業(yè)。 The baby didnt go to bed until/till his mother returned. 這個(gè)嬰兒直到他的媽媽回來(lái)才睡覺(jué)。 4．a(chǎn)fter, before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 after表示“在……之后”，before表示“在……之前；還沒(méi)來(lái)得及……就……”。 He changed his name after he left his hometown. 離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)后他把名字改了。 Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of mon childhood diseases.在現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)改變自然規(guī)律之前，許多孩子死于一些常見(jiàn)的兒童疾病。 [特別注意]　(1)“It will be/was＋時(shí)間段＋before從句”表示“在……之前還要多久/過(guò)了多久才……”。 It will be half a year before I graduate.半年后我才畢業(yè)。 (2)“It wont be/wasnt＋時(shí)間段＋before從句”表示“過(guò)不了多久就……/沒(méi)過(guò)多久就……”。 It wasnt long before we started.沒(méi)過(guò)多久我們就動(dòng)身了。 5．since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 since意為“自從……以來(lái)”，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。since從句的時(shí)態(tài)若是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。此外，since常用于以下句型： It is/has been＋時(shí)間段＋since從句(常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)) “It is/has been＋時(shí)間段＋since從句(常用一般過(guò)去時(shí))”句型的含義取決于從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。若從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則表示從該動(dòng)作開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在多久；若從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則表示從該動(dòng)作結(jié)束到現(xiàn)在多久。 They have been friends since they met for the first time in London.自從在倫敦第一次見(jiàn)面以來(lái)，他們一直是朋友。 It is three years since the war ended. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)結(jié)束三年了。 It is three years since he lived here. 他不在這里住已經(jīng)有三年了。 6．其他常見(jiàn)名詞短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 every time 　　每次　　　　　　each time　　 每次 any time 　　 任何時(shí)候 next time 　　下次 all the time　　　　　　　 (在某段時(shí)間內(nèi))一直 the first/last time 一次/最后一次 the day/year ... 天/年…… Every time I meet her I always forget her name. 每次我見(jiàn)到她時(shí)，我總記不起她的名字。 The first time I met her, I thought her nice and honest. 我第一次遇見(jiàn)她時(shí)，就覺(jué)得她友好又誠(chéng)實(shí)。 (二)條件狀語(yǔ)從句 1．引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的常見(jiàn)從屬連詞(短語(yǔ))有： if, unless, as/so long as, in case (萬(wàn)一), once, on condition that, provided/providing (that), supposing/suppose (that), assuming that (假設(shè))等。 Youll fail the exam unless you study hard. 除非你努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你會(huì)考試不及格。 They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend. 他們同意把車借給我們，條件是我們必須在周末前歸還。 My parents dont mind what job I do as long as I am happy. 我的父母不在意我從事什么工作，只要我高興就好。 2．only if和if only的區(qū)別 only if意為“只有”，置于句首時(shí)主句的主謂要用部分倒裝。if only意為“但愿；要是……就好了”，引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：與現(xiàn)在的情況相反時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；與過(guò)去的情況相反時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；與將來(lái)的情況相反時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用“would/could＋動(dòng)詞原形”。 Only if he studies harder can he catch up with others. 他只有更加努力學(xué)習(xí)才能趕上其他人。 If only it would stop raining！但愿雨會(huì)停！ 其他狀語(yǔ)從句　 [全析考法] Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2018天津高考改編)Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend so _______ they get sweet enough to be eaten. 解析：that　so that “以便；為了”，在此處引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。 2．(2017北京高考改編)________ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes. 解析：Although　句意：盡管鳥(niǎo)類用羽毛飛行，但是它們的一些羽毛也有其他用途。由句意可知，空處引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，故填A(yù)lthough。 Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．(2015浙江高考)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.________________ 解析：If→Although/Though　句意：盡管在那個(gè)教室學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)我僅僅是一個(gè)孩子，但我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了它。根據(jù)句意可知，此處并不存在條件關(guān)系，而是表示讓步，應(yīng)將if改為although或though。 2．(2014全國(guó)卷)And it is wise to have as many good friends that we can.________________ 解析：that→as　as many ... as we can為固定句式，as引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。 [謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則] (一)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 1．a(chǎn)lthough, though, as與while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 (1)although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用正常語(yǔ)序； though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可用正常語(yǔ)序，也可用倒裝語(yǔ)序；as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)只能用倒裝語(yǔ)序，即從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形置于句首，若表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞，前置時(shí)要省略冠詞。 Although/Though he may be troubled, he always presents a calm smiling face. 盡管他可能會(huì)遇到麻煩，但他總是露出平靜的微笑。 Child as/though he was, he helped me a lot. 盡管他是個(gè)孩子，他卻幫了我很大的忙。 Try as/though he might, he could not open the door. 不管他怎樣努力，他都無(wú)法打開(kāi)那個(gè)門(mén)。 (2)although與though都可以與yet, still, nevertheless連用，但不能和but連用。 Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.雖然雨下得很大，但他們還是繼續(xù)踢足球。 (3)while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一般置于句首。 While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved. 盡管我承認(rèn)有問(wèn)題存在，但我不同意這些問(wèn)題不能解決。 2．even if與even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 even if與even though表示“即使，縱然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 Ill do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon. 我要做這件事，即使它將花去我整個(gè)下午的時(shí)間。 Even if I were in your place, I wouldnt take the job. 即使我處于你的位置，我也不會(huì)接受這份工作。 3．“no matter＋疑問(wèn)詞”與“疑問(wèn)詞＋ever”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 (1)“no matter＋疑問(wèn)詞”相當(dāng)于“疑問(wèn)詞＋ever”，二者都可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 Dont trust him, no matter what/whatever he says. 無(wú)論他說(shuō)什么，不要相信他。 (2)whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但“no matter＋疑問(wèn)詞”不可以。 4．whether ... or (not) ...引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 Whether ... or ...表示“不論……還是……”，提供兩種對(duì)比情況。 Well go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not.不管我們能否找到所需的工具，我們都要把這項(xiàng)工作做下去。 (二)地點(diǎn)和原因狀語(yǔ)從句 1．地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句可用where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等引導(dǎo)。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句可置于句首、句中或句尾。 If you happen to get lost in the wild, youd better stay where you are and wait for help.如果你剛好在野外迷路了，你最好待在你所在的地方等待救援。 Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.她所到之處都有成群的人等著見(jiàn)她。 [特別注意]　where既可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句前應(yīng)有一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞，where可替換成“介詞＋which”；而狀語(yǔ)從句前則無(wú)先行詞。 Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. (定語(yǔ)從句) Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. (狀語(yǔ)從句) 你最好在你有問(wèn)題的地方做個(gè)標(biāo)記。 2．原因狀語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有： because因?yàn)椤　　　　s由于　　　　　since既然 now that既然 seeing that由于；鑒于 in that由于；因?yàn)? considering (that)考慮到；鑒于 (1)because用來(lái)回答why的提問(wèn)，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，一般放在主句之后。 (2)since, now that表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首。 (3)as引導(dǎo)的從句常放在句首，說(shuō)明次要的原因，主句說(shuō)明結(jié)果，常用于口語(yǔ)中(注意比較：for連接的是并列句)。 I dont get lonely now because I make the effort to see people.我現(xiàn)在不覺(jué)得孤獨(dú)了，因?yàn)槲覈L試著與人交往。 As it is fine, we shall go out for a walk. 因?yàn)樘鞖獠诲e(cuò)，我們將外出散步。 [知識(shí)拓展] when也可表示“既然”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television？既然他們把所有的空閑時(shí)間都用來(lái)看電視了，還怎么能學(xué)到東西呢？ (三)目的和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 1．目的狀語(yǔ)從句 (1)in order that與so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ) 兩個(gè)連詞都意為“以便……；為了……”，其引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用“could/should/might/would＋動(dòng)詞原形”。in order that比so that正式，引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句可置于主句之前或之后；而so that引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后。 Speak louder so that/in order that the people in the hall can all hear you.大點(diǎn)聲講，以便大廳里的人都能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。 In order that we might get there on time, we should set out early.為了準(zhǔn)時(shí)趕到那里，我們應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。 [特別注意]　當(dāng)主從句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，so that和in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。 We got up early so that we could arrive in time. →We got up early so as to arrive in time. 為了能及時(shí)趕到，我們起得很早。 Betty saved money in order that she could buy a portable puter. →Betty saved money in order to buy a portable puter. 貝蒂存錢(qián)是為了買一臺(tái)手提電腦。 (2)for fear that與in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句 for fear that表示“唯恐；生怕”；in case表示“以免，以防”。 Leave your key with your neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day. 留一把鑰匙給你的鄰居，以防哪天你把自己鎖在門(mén)外。 2．結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有： so that以至于　 　　 so ... that ...如此……以至于…… such ... that ...如此……以至于…… so ... that ...與such ... that ...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)形式為： He is so experienced a worker that we all believe him. ＝He is such an experienced worker that we all believe him. 他是一位很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工人，我們都信任他。 [特別注意]　(1)在so ... that ...和such ... that ...結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)“so＋adj./adv.”或“such＋n.”置于句首時(shí)，主句要部分倒裝。 So fast did he run that I couldnt catch him. 他跑得那么快，我抓不住他。 (2)除結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句外，too ... to ..., ... enough to ..., so ... as to ..., such ... as to ...等不定式結(jié)構(gòu)同樣可以表示結(jié)果。 He got up too late to catch the first train. ＝He didnt get up early enough to catch the first train. ＝He got up so late as to miss the first train. 他起床太晚了以至于沒(méi)趕上第一班火車。 (四)方式和比較狀語(yǔ)從句 1．方式狀語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有： as正如；按照　　　　　as if/as though好像；仿佛 as if或as though引導(dǎo)的從句與事實(shí)相反時(shí)，通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用“had＋過(guò)去分詞”；與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用“would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形”。從句內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相符或可能成為事實(shí)時(shí)，則用陳述句語(yǔ)氣。 They treat her as though she were their daughter. 他們待她如親生女兒一樣。 Look at the clouds! It looks as if it is going to rain. 看那些云！看起來(lái)好像要下雨了。 2．比較狀語(yǔ)從句 比較狀語(yǔ)從句一般位于句尾，常用as ... as, not as/so ... as, 比較級(jí)＋than引導(dǎo)。 He is taller than any other student in our school. 他比我們學(xué)校的其他任何一個(gè)學(xué)生都高。 [知識(shí)拓展]　what引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句的句式：A is to B what C is to D．“A對(duì)B而言正如C對(duì)D一樣”。 Air is to us what water is to fish. 空氣之于我們就如同水之于魚(yú)一樣(重要)。 語(yǔ)法填空解題“3知能” 1．牢記連詞詞義并能熟練運(yùn)用是解答題目的先決條件； 2．牢記固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)，確定從屬連詞； 3．根據(jù)主從句的邏輯關(guān)系確定狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。 如果主從句是因果關(guān)系，則要考慮用because, as, since; 如果主從句有時(shí)間先后之分，則要考慮用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞；如果從句為主句的條件， 則要考慮用if; 如果從句表示讓步， 則要考慮用although, though, while。 1．And he speaks so slowly and strangely_that_it takes patience to understand what he is saying. 2．Not until we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile in relief. 3．In addition, some sharp remarks, though/although/while they are eyecatching, may have misleading effects on the youth. 4．Interesting as/though it may seem, I dont like it. 5．This is the first time I have seen the moonlight since I came here. 6．I believe this sports meeting will remain a precious memory for all of us as time goes by. 7．If the guests are seated at the table, the hosts may serve the food, or it may be passed so that_each person may help himself. 8．Air pollution is getting more and more serious, so we must take action before it is too late. 短文改錯(cuò)解題“3步驟” 第1步分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，弄清邏輯關(guān)系； 第2步判斷狀語(yǔ)從句類型； 第3步鎖定從屬連詞。 1．I have fallen in love with journalism when I was a child.when→since 2．Before the old man came back, the smell of the whisky reminded him of the accident.Before→When 3．The club was very popular that many students signed up for it.very→so_ 4．Write to me unless you have any questions about the schedule.unless→if 5．Luckily, he was the only one who finally got the job, so the manager decided to give the job to whoever he believed was helpful._so→because 6．As long as insects happen to touch the webs, no matter what hard they try, they cant escape.what→how 7．Besides, assign a little extra time for each task, such that the work will be carried out systematically.such→so 8．Shaking hands is the most popular way to greet each other while people meet.while→when 9．They said this was so a beautiful day that they would remember it forever.so→such 10．Its good to arrive early so you can get settled after classes start.after→before