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Unit 1 Great scientists 閱讀理解組塊專(zhuān)練——練速度 (限時(shí)：30分鐘) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Once a man needed a new pair of shoes. This man was very good at math. He knew that in order to get shoes that fit very well, it would be necessary to measure his foot size correctly. So, before he went to the market, he carefully measured his feet and drew a very detailed picture of his feet on a piece of paper. Then before leaving the house, like a good mathematician, he rechecked his picture. It was a very long way from the mans home to the market. It was past midday when the man arrived at the market. When the man reached the shoe stall, he realized that he had forgotten to bring his paper. He turned around and walked all the way back home to get it. It was nearly sunset when the man returned to the market. There he found the market was closing. The shoemaker had packed up all of his shoes. “Foolish man，” the shoemaker said to the man when he was asked to unpack his goods to make a sale. “Why did you not just try on the shoes？” The man hung his head shamefully, saying, “I guessed there was only one way to solve my problem. I should have checked with others for another solution that might have worked as well or better than my own.” The above short story works well with school students and also teachers. Dont try to solve a problem with a single point of view; there may be many other ways of solving the same problem. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過(guò)一則短篇故事告訴我們：一個(gè)問(wèn)題往往不只有一種解決辦法。 1．Before the man went to the market, he ________. A．a(chǎn)sked others for some advice B．knew well about his foot size C．measured his old shoes carefully D．drew a pair of shoes on a piece of paper 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“So, before he went to the market, he carefully measured his feet and drew a very detailed picture of his feet on a piece of paper.”可知，在去集市之前，那位男子仔細(xì)地測(cè)量了自己的腳的尺寸。 2．The shoemaker considered the man to be ________. A．stupid　　　 B．strange C．clever D．interesting 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中鞋匠說(shuō)的“Foolish man”可知，鞋匠認(rèn)為那位男子很愚蠢。 3．What does the author want to show by telling the story? A．We should learn math very well. B．Its necessary to ask for help at times. C．We should think carefully before we act. D．There is more than one way to solve a problem. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Dont try to solve a problem with a single point of view; there may be many other ways of solving the same problem.”可知，作者講述這個(gè)故事是想告訴我們：一個(gè)問(wèn)題往往不只有一種解決辦法。 B (2019麗水模擬)Eight years before his death in 1896, Alfred Nobel was surprised to read an obituary (訃告) in the local newspaper.This was a strange obituary, for it told Alfred Nobel, the man who was reading it, that he was dead.The newspaper had confused Alfred with his brother, Ludvig, who had recently died. Nobel was shocked to read that he had passed away, and he was even more annoyed by the title of his obituary：The merchant of death is dead.Alfred was a very rich and successful armaments manufacturer (武器制造商)． This incident got him thinking about his reputation.What would people think of him after his real death? Would they really say “That was a man who profited from killing”？ It was this thought that led him to leave his money — a huge amount of it — for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes.His aim was for his money to be used to support the ongoing quest (追求) for excellence in the sciences and literature, and the ideal of peace.Thousands of men and women have been honored since the first awards were given out in 1901.The awards let the world know about the developments that may have a huge effect on our lives. However, the prizes are controversial sometimes.There is often protest (抗議) at the award of the Peace Prize when not everyone thinks that the awardwinners deserve the award.Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award mittee often neglects important writers. The highly influential novelists James Joyce and Marcel Proust, for example, were never honored by the Swedish Academy. Still, for the most part the awards dont cause many plaints.Alfred Nobel founded the prizes to recognize those who have had “the greatest benefit to mankind” and few would disagree that most of the prizewinners — among them, Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King Jr.— have made contributions that deserve to be honored and remembered. 4．How did Alfred Nobel feel when he read the obituary in the newspaper? A．Sad and worried. B．Shocked and upset. C．Surprised and confused. D．Amused and puzzled. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，當(dāng)Alfred Nobel看到報(bào)紙上的這則訃告的時(shí)候，非常吃驚。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，他不只是吃驚，而且還很生氣，故選B。 5．What did Alfred Nobel decide to do after reading the obituary? A．Seek excellence in the sciences. B．Donate all his money to the charity. C．Stop producing any killing weapons. D．Set up the Nobel prizes with his money. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第四句“It was this thought that led him to leave his money — a huge amount of it — for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes.”可知，阿爾弗雷德諾貝爾看到這則訃告之后，想了很多，最終決定把他大筆的錢(qián)用于設(shè)立著名的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，故選D。 6．Why does the author mention James Joyce and Marcel Proust? A．To show the controversy of some Nobel prizes. B．To give examples of influential Nobel prizewinners. C．To explain the standard of giving out the Nobel prizes. D．To prove the influence of the Nobel prizes on literature. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三句“Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award mittee often neglects important writers.”(即便是諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)有時(shí)候也會(huì)受到批評(píng)，因?yàn)楠?jiǎng)項(xiàng)委員會(huì)經(jīng)常會(huì)忽視重要的作家。)可知，作者以這兩個(gè)人為例，是為了說(shuō)明有時(shí)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)是存在爭(zhēng)議的。 7．What does the author think of the Nobel prizes? A．There should be more female winners. B．There are too many controversial winners. C．They have honored many worthy winners. D．The mittee should be more selective. 解析：選C　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“few would disagree that most of the prizewinners ...deserve to be honored and remembered”可知，作者認(rèn)為諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)了很多值得贊賞的人，故選C。 C Brian Greene, a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University, has created an online science education platform. He tries to “build a bridge” with things you know about, and then “bring you across that bridge to the strange place of modern physics.” Recently I had a chance to ask Greene about wormholes (a hole which some scientists think might exist, connecting parts of space and time that are not usually connected), time travel and other mysteries of the universe. I asked him a milliondollar question: What if I went through a wormhole and prevented my parents from meeting? “Most of us believe that the universe makes sense，” Greene said. “Although there are several interesting theories about time travel，” he added, “the laws of physics would probably prevent something so illogical from taking place. The good news is that the time paradox (悖論) is open for future physicists to solve.” When asked how physics could bee more exciting for kids, Greene said that books by Stephen Weinberg, Leonard Susskind, and other physicists, “make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but arent yet ready, perhaps, to learn math.” When I pointed out that some students still might find physics boring, Greene said that the key is to teach them about things that are strange. “The basic stuff is important，” Greene said. “But I think its really important to also describe the more modern ideas, things like black holes and the Big Bang. If kids have those ideas in mind, then at least some of them will be excited to learn all the details.” Greene has followed Albert Einsteins lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same. As Greene said, physics is “not just a matter of solving problems in an exam.” Its about experimenting, showing an interest in strange phenomena (現(xiàn)象) — and having fun! 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。物理學(xué)家Brian Greene希望更多的孩子將會(huì)對(duì)現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)感興趣。 8．A milliondollar question in Paragraph 2 is probably very ________. A．direct B．difficult C．personal D．long 解析：選B　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段Greene對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的解釋以及他說(shuō)需要未來(lái)的物理學(xué)家去解決可知，作者提出的這個(gè)問(wèn)題非常難。 9．The books by Weinberg and Susskind ________. A．a(chǎn)re boring to read B．a(chǎn)re mainly about math C．a(chǎn)re popular science books D．a(chǎn)re only popular among kids 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“...books by ...make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but arent yet ready, perhaps, to learn math”可知，Greene認(rèn)為Weinberg和Susskind等物理學(xué)家寫(xiě)的書(shū)淺顯易懂，適合普通大眾閱讀，故這些書(shū)屬于流行的科普讀物。 10．In the last paragraph, Greene hopes that ________. A．kids can love science and physics B．kids can do well in physics exams C．kids can have fun with experiments D．kids can find more strange things in life 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Greene has followed Albert Einsteins lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same.”可知，Greene希望孩子們可以像他一樣對(duì)科學(xué)和物理感興趣，去探索宇宙的奧秘。 Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 Teenagers are especially likely to suffer loneliness.Here are some suggestions for speeding a recovery from loneliness. Reach out to others, but start small.A smile and a friendly greeting for the student behind you in line at the cafeteria wont make you best friends.__1__ It also can make it easier to interact the next time. Find a safe place to make connections.If going to the school dance makes you feel like you just dont belong, try joining a specialinterest group.Maybe its the drama club or the marching band.__2__ Find other ways of making connections.Lonely people hunger for acceptance and friendship.Sometimes feeling accepted and liked es more easily when you do something for others.__3__ Teach a child reading.Take notes for a disabled classmate.You might be surprised at the connections you make after reaching out to others in these ways. __4__ Loneliness is an absence of quality friendships, not of a particular quantity of friends.Thats why its important to know how to select a friend.The best friendships are those based on similar values and attitudes. You get what you expect, so expect the best.If you expect others to be friendly, you will behave in similar ways. __5__ It goes away as teens learn how to find their way through their social world and connect with others. A．But it will make you both feel pretty good. B．So consider being a volunteer. C．Some teens arent so adaptable, however. D．Encourage people to be friendlier to you. E．Choose the right people. F．For most young people, loneliness is only temporary. G．Look for a group that allows you to ease gradually. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了如何應(yīng)對(duì)孤獨(dú)的一些建議?！? 1．選A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，空前一句和空后的“It also can make it easier to interact the next time.”之間存在邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以A項(xiàng)“但是它將使你們都感到很好”符合語(yǔ)境。 2．選G　根據(jù)上文“Find a safe place to make connections.If going to the school dance makes you feel like you just dont belong, try joining a specialinterest group.”可推知，作者建議找一個(gè)讓自己覺(jué)得舒服的團(tuán)體，所以選G項(xiàng)。 3．選B　根據(jù)上文“Sometimes feeling accepted and liked es more easily when you do something for others.”可知，幫助他人會(huì)讓孤獨(dú)者更易被接納和喜歡。故B項(xiàng)“因此考慮做一名志愿者”銜接下文“Teach a child reading.Take notes for a disabled classmate.”。 4．選E　根據(jù)下文“Thats why its important to know how to select a friend.”可推知，選對(duì)朋友對(duì)孤獨(dú)者尤其重要，他們?nèi)钡牟皇翘囟〝?shù)量的朋友，而是高質(zhì)量的友誼，E項(xiàng)中的“Choose”對(duì)應(yīng)“select”，所以選E項(xiàng)。 5．選F　根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可推知，青少年的孤獨(dú)是暫時(shí)的，隨著他們學(xué)會(huì)如何通過(guò)社會(huì)閱歷找到自己的道路和與他人建立關(guān)系，孤獨(dú)就會(huì)不復(fù)存在，所以選F項(xiàng)。