江蘇省2019高考英語 第三部分 寫作層級訓練 第二步 通覽全局寫作分類突破 第六講 由“表”析“理”成就圖表類寫作（講解）.doc

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第六講　由“表”析“理”，成就圖表類 寫作 一、題型特點 1.圖表類書面表達常以曲線圖形式、流程圖形式、柱形圖形式、餅式圖形式、數據表格形式及平面圖形式出現。這類題型具有文字少、信息簡潔、要點分散等特征。圖表類書面表達在近年的高考中時有出現，主要是一些關于情況調查、生產、銷售、發(fā)展進程等各種項目統(tǒng)計的示意圖。 2.圖表作文主要是介紹或說明某方面的情況，文體上屬于說明文。 3.考生應按照說明文的形式和特點來進行寫作。由于這類試題文字少、信息簡潔，如果只是把圖表中的內容一點一點地記敘出來，進行清單式的羅列，就會索然乏味，并且達不到字數要求。因此，對于這類形式的書面表達，考生首先要根據圖表前的文字說明，弄清楚圖表的性質、內容、規(guī)律。 二、寫作技巧 1.細讀圖表，抓住特征 圖表中的數據信息往往較多，首先要讀懂其中的符號和數字所代表的意思。然后，從圖表的整體著手，認真分析各項數據，抓住其主要特征，弄懂它們所揭示的規(guī)律。經常使用的詞匯有：table，chart，figure，graph，describe，tell，show，represent等。 2.認真審讀，確定主題 認真審讀試題所提供的數據信息，結合文字提示，確定短文的主題。短文的主題往往隱含在圖表中，需要考生從圖表數據中概括出事情或事件的規(guī)律和特征，然后歸納出主題。有時，試題給出了短文的題目，也就等于為考生點明了主題。 3.巧用數據，突出主題 引用數據說明基本趨勢，比較數據揭示基本特征。由于圖表中的數據信息較多，寫作時要巧妙地引用一些數據來說明主題，不要作任何發(fā)揮。表達時，既要包含所有要點，但又不能面面俱到。經常使用的詞匯有：rise，drop，reduce，increase，decrease，fall，while，but，on the contrary，however，pare...to/with...，in contrast to，as...as，the same as，similar to，different from，difference between，among，more than，less than等。 4.詞句多變，表達靈活 由于圖表數據比較單調，很容易使人選用相同的詞語 和句式進行表達，結果文章顯得很乏味。因此，寫作時要盡量避免重復使用同一詞語或句型，選擇一些異曲同工的詞語和句式來表達。 5.適當發(fā)揮，表明觀點 圖表類書面表達有時要求考生在對數據進行分析、對比后，簡單地談談自己的看法或提出建議，這屬于讓考生自主發(fā)揮的部分，更是短文最精彩的部分?？忌谠摬糠株愂鲎约旱目捶?，表明自己的觀點，提出解決問題的方法或建議。表述觀點時，可以引用人們普遍的觀點，也可說出自己獨到的見解。借題發(fā)揮時，不可偏離主題，只要把觀點表述清楚即可，不必作更多的解釋或說明。經常使用的詞有：in a word，in short，generally speaking，It’s clear from the chart that...，we can draw the conclusion that...，we can learn/know...等。 【典例示范】 (2017江蘇卷)請認真閱讀下面有關我國電影票房收入(box-office ine)的柱狀圖及相關文字，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。 Saturday Afternoon.In a Shopping Center. Li Jiang：Hi，Su Hua.Which movie shall we see? Su Hua：Whatever.We’re got so many choices，Kung Fu Yoga，Journey to the West……Each sounds great! Li Jiang：Yeah！And some movie stars are fantastic. Su Hua: And the high-tech！... Li Jiang：Perfect！Let’s get some food first.We only have 20 minutes left. Su Hua：No hurry.The cinema is on the same floor.One Day in 2016.At Home. Son：Mum，shall we go and see a film tonight? Mother：Why bother？We can stay at home and watch films online.It’s convenient with our new and fast network. Son：But it feels good in a cinema. Mother：And the price.We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket. Son：Only 10 yuan more than last year. Mother：But still we cannot get the money’s worth.Some films are just boring... [寫作內容] 1.用約30個單詞概述柱狀圖信息的主要內容； 2.我國電影票房收入變化的原因有哪些，簡要談談你的看法(上述對話僅供參考，原因不少于兩點)； 3.談談你對我國電影票房收入走向的看法，并簡要說明理由。 [寫作要求] 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句； 2.作文中不能出現真實姓名和學校名稱； 3.不必寫標題。 [評分標準] 內容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數適當。 [參考范文1] The box-office ine of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015. However, that increase slowed down in 2016. The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the box-office ine. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase. However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year. And the Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth. China’s economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the ing years, so an increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies. Therefore, its box-office ine will probably enjoy a slight increase. [參考范文2] As is indicated in the graph, the box-office ine of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015, but its growth, for one reason or another, slowed down in 2016. The increase in the box-office ine can be attributed to a number of factors. The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment. Besides, filming technology has advanced and more quality films are on offer. Moreover, the Internet plays an important part. On the Internet, people can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is both time-saving and economical. However, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future. Cinemas have gradually given way to the rise of the Internet and cellphones, and the ticket price is on the increase. Therefore, the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers. 能力提升練1 (2015江蘇卷)請閱讀下面文字及圖表，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。 1.The other day，a netizen (網民) shared a photo on Sina Weibo.It was about an old lady standing in front of a car that was on a bicycle lane，and insisting that it leave the track.The photo drew about 7，000 ments on the social media platform.Despite the thumbs-up (點贊) given to the old lady，some argued that attention should be paid to our heavy road traffic. 2.Some riders of e-bikes and bicycles e and go in all directions，ignoring traffic lights and other vehicles.Such rude riding contributes to the disorder of traffic.Thus the avoidable road accidents bee unavoidable. 3.From 2005 to 2014，the total number of private cars in China rose sharply from 32 million to 154 million.Currently，China had 15% of the world’s total vehicles. [寫作內容] 1.用約30個單詞概述上述信息的主要內容； 2.結合上述信息，簡要分析導致交通問題的主要原因； 3.根據你的分析，從社會規(guī)范(rules and regulations)和個人行為兩方面談談你得到的啟示(不少于兩點)。 [寫作要求] 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句； 2.作文中不能出現真實姓名和學校名稱； 3.不必寫標題。 [評分標準] 內容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數適當。 [參考范文] The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack.It not only affects our everyday life，but may also threaten people’s lives.The three selections presented above are typical examples. Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem.In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways，there is still much room for improvement，because of the ever increasing number of cars these years.What’s worse，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules. In fact，traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order.Without them，people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos.But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society.It is the people who obey the rules that matter.It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track. 能力提升練2 (2018江蘇南通市高三檢測) 請閱讀下面的文字及圖表，然后按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。 1.Experts say that when you look up after reading for a long time，you will find the objects in the distance vague.It shows you are getting nearsighted.Other symptoms include dry，burning or itchy(發(fā)癢的)eyes，headaches and neck or shoulder pain.Some people may see double and cannot read for long.Some will keep shutting and opening their eyes.Others rub their eyes frequently. 2.Nearsightedness is often diagnosed in children between 8 and 12 years of age and may worsen during the teen years.Little change may occur between ages 20 to 40，but sometimes nearsightedness may worsen with age. 3.Currently，about 450 million people in China suffer from nearsightedness.The number of nearsighted students from primary schools to universities increases at a rate of 20% every year. [寫作內容] 1.用約30個單詞概述上述信息的主要內容； 2.綜合上述信息，簡要分析導致青少年近視的主要原因； 3.根據你的分析，從學校規(guī)范和個人行為兩方面談談你得到的啟示(不少于兩點)。 [寫作要求] 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句； 2.作文中不能出現真實姓名和學校名稱； 3.不必寫標題。 [評分標準] 內容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數適當。 [參考范文] More and more young people are getting nearsighted, which can be determined by some symptoms. The ever-increasing rate of nearsightedness in almost every school throughout China has bee so alarming. For many of young people, it is their routine to be buried in their books from morning till night while others often keep their eyes fixed on the puter or TV. Their eyes are burdened so heavily that they can hardly function normally in the end. What’s worse，every year quite some students cannot go to their ideal colleges or get their dream jobs owing to their poor eyesight. Now it is time that schools took action to protect students’ eyesight by giving them lectures，ensuring proper lighting in classrooms, and limiting their time of reading books or doing exercises. As for me, I will immediately try every possible means to prevent my eyesight from getting weak. 能力提升練3 (2018常州高三調研)一項調查顯示，某市有85.8%的中學生說自己的字不好看，而他們又不想改善，其理由有很多。請根據下面圖表中的內容用英語寫一篇短文，說明該現象并發(fā)表看法。 注意：詞數150左右。 [參考范文] Nowadays, with the growing popularity of puters, more and more people are paying less and less attention to their handwriting. According to a recent survey, 85.8 percent of the middle school students in the city think that their handwriting is poor. Yet for various reasons, many students don’t want to improve their handwriting. 51.5% of them think that they can just use a puter, so there is no need to waste time improving their handwriting, and 32.3 percent believe that they are so busy with their studies that they do not have time to practice. 10.9 percent think that practicing handwriting is useless. The rest have other reasons. Writing style often shows the man. Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial, especially for middle school students. Therefore, in my opinion, more emphasis should be placed on this aspect in future. 能力提升練4 (2018江蘇海安高級中學質量檢測)下面的餅狀圖顯示了某校對學生學業(yè)成績評價的新體制，圖表所示的五個方面構成了一個學生的學業(yè)成績。假如你是該校學生，請你以“The New Grading System in Our School”為題用英語寫一篇短文，給《二十一世紀英文報》投稿。 [寫作內容] 1.簡要描述圖中信息； 2.談談你對這一新舉措的看法并說明原因。 [寫作要求] 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句； 2.作文中不能出現真實姓名和學校名稱； 3.不必寫標題。 [評分標準] 內容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數適當。 [參考范文] The New Grading System in Our School In order to help students develop their abilities in all fields, our school now has asked the teachers to make some changes in the grading system. This chart shows how it works. Students’ test results, which used to be the only way to evaluate a student in school, make up only 30% of his final score. Instead, how a student performs in class, and how he takes notes and does his homework are also taken into account, each part of which makes up 20%. Besides, teamwork in class is also important. If you want a higher score, you should be good at working together with your classmates. I’m all for the new grading system, which evaluates us students in all fields. By doing so, we students can fully develop our abilities as well as potential on our way to adulthood and can truly make preparations for our future life.