2019版高考英語(yǔ)一輪鞏固達(dá)標(biāo)練 Unit 1 Festivals around the world（含解析）新人教版必修3.doc

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Unit 1 Festivals around the world ***閱讀理解。 Everyone knows that death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two stages — clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the “breaking up” of vital cells and tissues. Death is then unchangeable and final. Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling the organism, bined with narcotic (麻醉) sleep. By slowing down the body’s metabolism (新陳代謝), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death. To show how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began taking blood out from an artery (動(dòng)脈). The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes Keta’s heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous (自發(fā)的) breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head.After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin (青霉素) injection, Keta seized the syringe (注射器)and ran with it around the room.Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal. 1.For a person who suffers from the clinical death _________. A. heisstillverymuchalive B. hecannotavoidfinaldeath C. hismostimportantorgansaredamaged forever D. he still has the possibility of getting back to life 2.Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to _________. A. cooltheorganism B. delaytheingofbiologicaldeath C. slowdownthebody’smetabolism D. bring vital cells and tissues back to active life 3.The text mainly talks about _________. A. clinical death and biological death B.an experiment on a monkey C. the meaning of death D. the process before death 4.From the underlined sentence in the last paragraph we can know that _________. A. Keta was impolite B. Keta was healthy C. Keta was ill D. Keta was crazy 【文章大意】本文主要敘述了為了延緩生理死亡的到來(lái)，科學(xué)家盡量延長(zhǎng)臨床死亡的時(shí)間。 1.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段內(nèi)容“Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved”可知，一個(gè)臨床死亡的人還有可能活過(guò)來(lái)，故選D。 3.A 【解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出了人類死亡的兩個(gè)階段：臨床死亡和生理死亡；第二段提出科學(xué)家們想辦法延長(zhǎng)臨床死亡；第三段通過(guò)用猴子做實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)驗(yàn)證延長(zhǎng)臨床死亡的方法，故本文主要論述了臨床死亡和生理死亡，選A項(xiàng)。 4.B 【解析】推理判斷題。結(jié)合文章最后一句“Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.”（她的行為無(wú)異于健康動(dòng)物的行為），可推知?jiǎng)澗€部分句子說(shuō)明Keta是健康的，故選B項(xiàng)。 ***語(yǔ)法填空。 Located in the northwest of Hunan Province, about 300 kilometers away from Changsha, capital of Hunan, Zhangjiajie, __1__covers a total area of 9,653 square kilometers, is a tourist city for its unique natural scenery and abundant tourism resources. Zhangjiajie __2__(award) the title of “World Geological Park” in 2004. __3__(actual), Zhangjiajie, honoured as “the most fantastic mountain under heaven” and “a walking Chinese landscape painting”， is also widely praised as “__4__enlarged potted landscaping”“a mini fairyland” and “a maze (迷宮) of nature”， attracting a growing number of tourists __5__home and abroad. Since it was discovered in the 1980s, tourism industry __6__ (bee) the leading industry in Zhangjiajie, which has stimulated the development of other industries __7__(relate) to tourism. At the same time, ecotourism has been developed rapidly in Zhangjiajie. When you e to Zhangjiajie, you can fully appreciate __8__(it) magnificent natural scenery and experience appealing folk custom as well as other thrilling tourist __9__(activity), and you will be deeply impressed by __10__is performed by the minorities there. It must be an exciting, joyful and unforgettable tour to Zhangjiajie. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。全文介紹了湖南省張家界的地理位置、榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)、旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展等情況。 1．which　考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為Zhangjiajie，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用which。 2．was awarded　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)Zhangjiajie和動(dòng)詞award之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；根據(jù)該句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in 2004”可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 3．Actually　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗幮揎椪麄€(gè)句子，故用副詞形式。 4．a(chǎn)n　考查冠詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，該處泛指“一幅放大的盆栽風(fēng)景畫(huà)”，空后的enlarged的發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，故用不定冠詞an。 5．a(chǎn)t　考查介詞。這里指“吸引了國(guó)內(nèi)外的大量游客”，at home and abroad為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“在國(guó)內(nèi)外”，故用at。 6．has bee　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Since it was ... 1980s”可知，空處表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 7．related　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。be related to為固定搭配，此句中，動(dòng)詞relate和名詞industries之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作名詞的后置定語(yǔ)。 8．its　考查代詞。根據(jù)該句中的“magnificent natural scenery”可知，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞its，指張家界的。 9．a(chǎn)ctivities　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。張家界景點(diǎn)的旅游活動(dòng)有多種，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 10．what　考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作介詞by的賓語(yǔ)，且空處在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表示“……的事物”，故用what。 ***完形填空。 When you give thanks for help，everyone benefits.And the __1__ will last longer than youd expect：researchers have found that writing thankyou notes raises peoples __2__ levels for up to six months. “If you express gratitude in a diary，it makes you happier，but if you __3__ it with the person who helped you，it has the __4__ to bring you two closer together，”says researcher Jeff Tsang. Lawyer John Kralik experienced this personally.Hed been feeling depressed and __5__ about his life：Hed been divorced and wasnt __6__ with his children.He felt tired from the __7__ hours he devoted to work.At a/an __8__ low point，he remembered his grandfather telling him about the importance of __9__.He decided to write 365 thankyou notes over 365 days，hoping for a/an __10__ change. Immediately，he noticed his __11__ begin to improve.“The first effects are that you realise that your life is much better than you thought and you bee more positive，”Kralik says of his __12__ acts of expressing thanks. __13__ by Kraliks experience，I decided to try the __14__ myself.I chose someone from my past whom Id __15__ thanked before：my wonderful highschool English teacher.I wasnt sure if Id be able to __16__ him，but eventually I found where he lived. In my letter，I thanked him for the __17__ and support that hed given me years earlier.I may never hear from him __18__，but that isnt the __19__.The letter helped me __20__ my life，and Ive been happy now for months. 1．A.time　　　　　　B．thoughts C．effects D．relationship 2．A.education B．happiness C．ine D．health 3．A.share B．plete C．pare D．leave 4．A.method B．desire C．energy D．potential 5．A.discouraged B．dishonest C．impatient D．surprised 6．A.bored B．strict C．close D．honest 7．A.limited B．valuable C．delightful D．long 8．A.importantly B．particularly C．physically D．exactly 9．A.forgiveness B．a(chǎn)chievement C．gratefulness D．patience 10．A.positive B．unexpected C．possible D．instant 11．A.wealth B．a(chǎn)ttitude C．position D．petence 12．A.generous B．strange C．brave D．simple 13．A.Struck B．Inspired C．Shocked D．Invited 14．A.idea B．belief C．letter D．test 15．A.nearly B．frequently C．a(chǎn)lready D．never 16．A.remember B．recognise C．locate D．reward 17．A.degree B．money C．gift D．guidance 18．A.in advance B．in public C．in return D．in person 19．A.case B．point C．fact D．solution 20．A.appreciate B．understand C．face D．review 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過(guò)親身經(jīng)歷告訴我們這樣一個(gè)道理：當(dāng)你對(duì)別人表達(dá)出感謝之情時(shí)，你會(huì)變得更快樂(lè)。 1．C　考查名詞辨折。根據(jù)“benefits”并結(jié)合第一段可知，此處指感謝別人對(duì)自己的影響要比你預(yù)想的長(zhǎng)久。C項(xiàng)意為“效果，影響”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“時(shí)間”；B項(xiàng)意為“想法”；D項(xiàng)意為“關(guān)系”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 2．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指寫(xiě)感謝信可以提高人們的幸福水平。B項(xiàng)意為“幸?！保险Z(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“教育”；C項(xiàng)意為“收入”；D項(xiàng)意為“健康”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選B。 3．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)此句中的“bring you two closer together”可知，此處指與幫助你的人分享這件事。share sth.with sb.意為“與某人分享某物”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；C項(xiàng)意為“比較”；D項(xiàng)意為“離開(kāi)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 4．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指如果你與幫助你的人一起分享感激之情，這就有可能將你們兩人之間的距離拉近。D項(xiàng)意為“可能性，潛能”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“方法”；B項(xiàng)意為“欲望”；C項(xiàng)意為“精力”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 5．A　考查形容詞辨折。根據(jù)該句中的“feeling depressed”可知，此處應(yīng)用“discouraged”與“depressed”并列，指他對(duì)生活感到沮喪。 A項(xiàng)意為“泄氣的”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“不誠(chéng)實(shí)的”；C項(xiàng)意為“沒(méi)有耐心的”；D項(xiàng)意為“感到驚訝的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 6．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“Hed been divorced”可知，他已經(jīng)離婚了，并且與孩子也不親近。C項(xiàng)意為“親近的，親密的”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“無(wú)聊的”；B項(xiàng)意為“嚴(yán)格的”；D項(xiàng)意為“誠(chéng)實(shí)的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 7．D　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)“felt tired from”可推知，此處指因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作，所以他感到疲勞。D項(xiàng)意為“長(zhǎng)的”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“有限的”；B項(xiàng)意為“有價(jià)值的”；C項(xiàng)意為“高興的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 8．B　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，他離婚了，和孩子也不親近，而且工作辛苦，所以這是他人生的低谷。B項(xiàng)意為“尤其，特別”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“重要地”；C項(xiàng)意為“身體上”；D項(xiàng)意為“恰恰，正好”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選B。 9．C　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“He decided to write 365 thankyou notes”可知，此處指他記起祖父告訴過(guò)他感激的重要性。C項(xiàng)意為“感激”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“原諒”；B項(xiàng)意為“成就”；D項(xiàng)意為“耐心”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 10．A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下一段第二句中的“you bee more positive”可知，此處指他希望通過(guò)這種方式獲得一個(gè)積極的改變。A項(xiàng)意為“積極的”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“出人意料的”；C項(xiàng)意為“可能的”；D項(xiàng)意為“立即的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 11．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這位律師正處于人生的低谷時(shí)期，然后通過(guò)寫(xiě)感謝信使得他的態(tài)度開(kāi)始改善。B項(xiàng)意為“態(tài)度”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“財(cái)富”；C項(xiàng)意為“位置”；D項(xiàng)意為“能力”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選B。 12．D　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“expressing thanks”可知，寫(xiě)感謝信只是表達(dá)感謝的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的行為。D項(xiàng)意為“簡(jiǎn)單的”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“慷慨的”；B項(xiàng)意為“奇怪的”；C項(xiàng)意為“勇敢的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 13．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，“我”也決定寫(xiě)感謝信了。由此推斷出，“我”是受了Kralik的經(jīng)歷的鼓舞。B項(xiàng)意為“鼓舞，激勵(lì)”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選B。 14．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，“我”決定親自試試這個(gè)想法。A項(xiàng)意為“想法，主意”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“信念”；C項(xiàng)意為“信”；D項(xiàng)意為“測(cè)試”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 15．D　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，“我”不知道這位高中英語(yǔ)老師的地址，所以他是“我”以前從未感謝過(guò)的人。D項(xiàng)意為“從未”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“幾乎”；B項(xiàng)意為“經(jīng)常”；C項(xiàng)意為“已經(jīng)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 16．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)“but eventually I found where he lived”可知，此處指“我”不知道是否能夠找到他。C項(xiàng)意為“找出……的準(zhǔn)確位置”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“記得”；B項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)出”；D項(xiàng)意為“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，獎(jiǎng)賞”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 17．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，“我”感謝的對(duì)象是“我”的一位高中英語(yǔ)老師，所以“我”應(yīng)是感謝他給予“我”的指導(dǎo)和幫助。D項(xiàng)意為“指導(dǎo)”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“程度，等級(jí)”；B項(xiàng)意為“金錢(qián)”；C項(xiàng)意為“禮物”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 18．C　考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，“我”寫(xiě)感謝信給多年前的老師，而老師不一定會(huì)回信給“我”。C項(xiàng)意為“作出回應(yīng)”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“提前”；B項(xiàng)意為“公開(kāi)地”；D項(xiàng)意為“親自”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 19．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“Ive been happy now for months”可知，“我”快樂(lè)了幾個(gè)月，所以此處指老師是否回信不是重點(diǎn)。B項(xiàng)意為“重點(diǎn)，要點(diǎn)”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“事例”；C項(xiàng)意為“事實(shí)”；D項(xiàng)意為“解決方法”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選B。 20．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。聯(lián)系全文的內(nèi)容可知，文章主要是關(guān)于表達(dá)出感謝可以給自己帶來(lái)快樂(lè)，所以此處指這封感謝信幫助“我”感激“我”的生活，“我”為此快樂(lè)了幾個(gè)月。A項(xiàng)意為“感激”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“理解”；C項(xiàng)意為“面對(duì)”；D項(xiàng)意為“回顧”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 ***短文改錯(cuò)。 As a senior three student, I often imagine how I will be doing in the future. Talked about my dream job, I expect to be an English teacher for the following reasons： First, Im an energetic and outgoing boy with great patient. Thats what a qualified teacher should had, in my opinion. Besides, I am crazy about the English language, I am doing quite well. Above all, teachers are generally respect. With two vacations each year, I may enjoy more relaxed time. As an ambitious boy, I hope to take up a job which is beneficial for society. Being a good teacher may influence more students to shoulder his responsibilities and contribute to their country. In a short, Ill work very hard to bee a popular English teacher. 答案： As a senior three student, I often imagine I will be doing in the future. about my dream job, I expect to be an English teacher for the following reasons： First, Im an energetic and outgoing boy with great . Thats what a qualified teacher should ， in my opinion. Besides, I am crazy about the English language, I am doing quite well. Above all, teachers are generally . With two vacations each year, I may enjoy more time. As an ambitious boy, I hope to take up a job which is beneficial society. Being a good teacher may influence more students to shoulder responsibilities and contribute to their country. In short, Ill work very hard to bee a popular English teacher. 難項(xiàng)分析： 第二處：Talked→Talking　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。I和talk about為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且talk about和expect to be所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 第五處：I前加and　考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，前后兩句話為并列關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用連詞and。 第八處：for→to　考查固定搭配。be beneficial to表示“對(duì)……有益”。 ***