高一人教版英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié).doc
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. 高一人教版英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié) 【一】 一. 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ) (一)直接引述別人的原話,叫做直接引語(yǔ);用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,叫做間接引語(yǔ)。間接引語(yǔ)一般構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)必須放在引號(hào)內(nèi),間接引語(yǔ)則不用引號(hào)。直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),除將引語(yǔ)部分變成賓語(yǔ)從句外,還必須對(duì)直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等實(shí)行改變。 1. 時(shí)態(tài)的變化:直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動(dòng)詞said, asked等的影響而使用過(guò)去化的時(shí)態(tài),即把原來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)向過(guò)去推,也就是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí),現(xiàn)在實(shí)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去實(shí)行時(shí),等等。例如: Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.” →Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等等的變化: 根據(jù)意義實(shí)行相對(duì)應(yīng)的變化,例如: She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” →She asked Jack where he had been. He said,“These books are mine.” →He said that those books were his. (二)直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),都使用陳述語(yǔ)序,但是因?yàn)樵涞木涫讲煌宰兂砷g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)所用的連詞會(huì)有所不同。直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問(wèn)句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問(wèn)句,則用疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)間接引語(yǔ)。轉(zhuǎn)述的動(dòng)詞一般用asked,能夠在其后加上一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)me, him, her, us等。如: She said,“Is your father at home?” →She asked me if/whether my father was at home. “What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me. →My friend asked me what I did every Sunday. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句,改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語(yǔ)氣(即請(qǐng)求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動(dòng)詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如: She said to us,“Please sit down.” →She asked us to sit down. He said to him,“Go away!” →He ordered him to go away. He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.” →He told the boys not to make so much noise. 二. 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)概述 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的概念:它是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間的執(zhí)行或被執(zhí)行關(guān)系。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式是由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式如下: 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are + 過(guò)去分詞 例如:Rice is planted in the south of China. 2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí) was/were + 過(guò)去分詞 例如:These trees were planted the year before last. 3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí) will/shall + be + 過(guò)去分詞 例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school. 4. 現(xiàn)在實(shí)行時(shí) am/is/are + being + 過(guò)去分詞 例如:Your radio is being repaired now. 5. 過(guò)去實(shí)行時(shí) was/were + being + 過(guò)去分詞 When he got there, the problem was being discussed. 6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has + been + 過(guò)去分詞 His work has been finished. Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. 7. 過(guò)去完成時(shí) had + been + 過(guò)去分詞 注意: 1.除了be之外的其它系動(dòng)詞如get, stay等也能夠和過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如:Their questions haven’t got answered. 2. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: More attention should be paid to the old in this country. This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes. 3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ),其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)分別用“be going to + be + 過(guò)去分詞”和“be to + be + 過(guò)去分詞”。例如: The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting. All these books are to be taken to the library. 4. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別:“連系動(dòng)詞+用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu),與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式完全一樣,所以應(yīng)注意它們的區(qū)別。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞是動(dòng)詞,多強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。前者通??捎胋y 引出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,而后者則不能夠。例如: The map was changed by someone.(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)) That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) 系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞通??杀籿ery修飾,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞往往要用much修飾。 例如: He was very excited.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) He was much excited by her words.(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)) 5. 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式有被動(dòng)意味,如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時(shí)句子的主語(yǔ)一般是物。例如: These books sell well. 這些書(shū)很暢銷(xiāo)。 The door won’t shut. 這門(mén)關(guān)不上。 The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗。 【二】 1. be good to 對(duì)……友好 be good for 對(duì)……有益;be bad to…/be bad for… 2. add up 加起來(lái) 增加 add up to 合計(jì),總計(jì) add… to 把……加到…… 3. not…until/till 意思是“直到…才” 4. get sth/sb done 使……完成/使某人被…… 5. calm down平靜下來(lái) 6. be concerned about 關(guān)心 注重 7. 當(dāng)while, when, before, after 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),可將從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省去。 While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose. 8. cheat in the exam * 9. go through 經(jīng)歷;度過(guò);獲準(zhǔn),通過(guò) 10. hide away 躲藏;隱藏 11. set down 寫(xiě)下,記下 12. I wonder if….. 我不知道是不是…. 12. on purpose 故意 13. sth happen to sb 某人發(fā)生某事 sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事 it so happened that ……正巧 碰巧 14. It is the first (second…) that… (從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) 15. in one’s power 處于……的控制之中 16. It’s no pleasure doing…. 做…..沒(méi)有樂(lè)趣 It’s no good/ use doing sth. 做某事是沒(méi)好處/沒(méi)用的 17. She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place. it做形式賓語(yǔ) 18. suffer from 患…病;遭受 19. so…that… /such…thay… 20. get tired of…. 對(duì)…感到勞累 疲憊 21. have some trouble with sb/sth. 在……上遇到了麻煩 22. get along with sb/sth. 與某人相處 23. ask(sb)for advice. (向某人)征求建議 24. make 后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)須用不帶to 的不定式、形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞等。常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種形式: make sb. do sth.讓 (使)某人做某事 make sb. /sth. +adj. 使某人/物… make sb./ oneself +v-ed 讓某人/自己被… When you speak, you should make yourself understood. make sb.+n. 使某人成為… 25. alone /lonely. 單獨(dú)的/孤獨(dú)的 26. I would be grateful if… 委婉客氣提出請(qǐng)求 27. Why not do….. = why don’t you do… Unit 2 English around the world 1. because of 因?yàn)椤?(注意和because 的區(qū)別) 2. even if (= even thoug)即使,用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 3. come up 走上前來(lái),走近,發(fā)生,出現(xiàn) come up with 追上,趕上,提出 4. communicate with sb 和某人交流 5. be different from… 與……不同 be different in … 在……方面不同 Most of my projects are different in performance. 我多數(shù)作品的演奏風(fēng)格都不同。 6. be based on 以……為基礎(chǔ) 7. at present 當(dāng)前,眼下 for the present眼前;暫時(shí) 8. make (good/better/full)use of 9. the latter后者 the former 前者 10. a large number of 大量的 the number of …的數(shù)量 11. such as 例如 12. hold on 堅(jiān)持住,握住不放;(打電話時(shí))等—會(huì) 13. … you will hear the difference in the way(that/ in which) people speak. 你會(huì)聽(tīng)出人們?cè)谡f(shuō)話時(shí)的差異。 14. play a role/ part (in) 在…中擔(dān)任角色;在…中起作用;扮演一個(gè)角色 15. the same …as… 與……一樣 16. at the top of…在…頂上 at the bottom of 在……底部 17. bring up 教養(yǎng),養(yǎng)育;提出 18. request sb (not) to do sth. 要求某人做/不要做某事 19. be satisfied with…對(duì)……感到滿意,滿足于 20. suggest v. (request,insist…) I suggested you do what he says. 我建議你按照他說(shuō)的去做。 I suggest you not go tomorrow. 我想你明天還是不要去了。 His pale face suggested that he was in bad health. 他蒼白的臉色暗示了他身體不好。 注意:insist 意思為“堅(jiān)持要求”時(shí)后面的that從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;如果insist 意為“強(qiáng)調(diào),堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”的時(shí)候,從句能夠用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。例如:She insisted that she didn’t tell a lie.她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為她沒(méi)撒謊。 21. according to…. 按照… 根據(jù)… Unit 3 Travel journal 1.prefer Prefer doing …to doing… Prefer to do rather than do 2.advantages /disadvantages 優(yōu)勢(shì)/劣勢(shì) 2.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 從高中起,我姐姐王維和我就一直夢(mèng)想做一次偉大的自行車(chē)旅行。 連詞since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí),介詞since 與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用 It is/has been+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí) 自從……至今已經(jīng)多久了。 3. persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 說(shuō)服某人做某事 4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型能夠強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的任何句子成份。一般來(lái)說(shuō),如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí),用連詞that或who;如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是物,只能用連詞that。 not … until 的強(qiáng)調(diào)句 5.be fond of 喜歡,喜愛(ài) 6. Although 即使,雖然,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 ?、?although 從句多在句首, though 從句可在主句前、中、后任何位置,而且though 能夠作副詞用于句末,作“但是,不過(guò)”講,而although 無(wú)此用法。 ② as though(仿佛,好像),even though(即使,即使)中不能用although。 ③ though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句能夠倒裝(將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞原形前置到句首,此用法同as),而 although 不能夠。 7. insist on doing sth/ sth. 一定要、堅(jiān)持主張 She insists on getting up early and playing her radio loudly. 她老是一大早起來(lái)把收音機(jī)音量開(kāi)大 11.care about 關(guān)心 在乎 care for 喜歡,照料,照顧 12.change one’s mind 改變主意 13. experience 經(jīng)歷/經(jīng)驗(yàn) 14. Once 可作為從屬連詞,作“一(旦)……就……”解,連接一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句。從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)\現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來(lái)。 Once you have begun you must continue. 15. give in 讓步 give up 放棄 16. instead of 代替,而不是 17. make up one’s mind to do下定決心做某事 18.a large parcel of 一大包 19.as usual 像往常一樣 20.put up our tent 搭帳篷 21.stay awake 睡不著,醒著 stay up 熬夜 22. for company 做伴 23.lie beneath the stars 躺在星空下 24.can hardly wait to do=can’t wait to do迫不及待做某事 25.go in the right direction 走準(zhǔn)確的方向 26. at a very slow pace. 以很慢的速度 27.be similar to 類似于 28.afford to do sth 付得起,能承擔(dān) 29.be tired from 因……而疲勞 be tired of 對(duì)……厭倦 30. be in high spirits 喜氣洋洋,興高采烈 31.come true 實(shí)現(xiàn),成真 32. give sb some advice on doing... 33. a guide to… ……的指南 34.on a tour 在游覽中,在巡演中 35.in detail 詳細(xì)地 精選word范本!- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題本站不予受理。
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