2019高考英語(yǔ) 詞匯考查+題型練 Unit 1 A land of diversity（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 1 一、詞匯復(fù)習(xí) （一）單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2015北京，25改編)He is a shy man，________he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 答案：but　but用來(lái)連接并列但語(yǔ)義對(duì)比的兩個(gè)句子。句意：他是個(gè)靦腆的人，但他并不怕任何事或任何人。 2．(2015北京，32改編)________the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. 答案：Once　once“一旦”。句意：一旦造成損害，土地要好多年才能恢復(fù)。 3．(2015天津，12改編)We need to get to the root of the problem________we can solve it. 答案：before　本題考查狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞。before表示“主句發(fā)生在從句之前”。句意：在我們解決問(wèn)題之前，我們需要找到問(wèn)題的根源。 4．(2015湖南，33改編)________the job takes a significant amount of time，most students agree that the experience is worth it. 答案：Although/Though　although/though“雖然”(表示“雖然”時(shí)，不在后面使用連詞but，不過(guò)有時(shí)它可與yet，still，nevertheless等副詞連用)。句意：雖然那個(gè)工作要花大量的時(shí)間，但是大多數(shù)學(xué)生都覺(jué)得這次經(jīng)歷是值得的。 5．(2015湖南，35改編)Thats why I help brighten peoples days.If you________，whos to say that another person will？ 答案：dont　考查if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句談?wù)摰氖且粋€(gè)有可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)及其產(chǎn)生的相關(guān)的結(jié)果，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。此句中的whos to say that another person will用的是將來(lái)時(shí)，故if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：這就是為什么我要使人們的日子變得鮮活起來(lái)。如果你不這樣做，你說(shuō)誰(shuí)會(huì)這樣做？ （二）英漢互譯 1. △California__________ 2. △Californian__________ 3. △illustrate vt. __________ 4. distinct adj. __________ 5. distinction n. __________ 6. △immigrant n.__________ 7. live on __________ 8. strait n. __________ 9. △Bering __________ 10. Arctic adj. __________ 11. the Arctic __________ 12. means n. __________ 13. by means of… __________ 14. △prehistoric adj. __________ 15. majority n. __________ 16. ministry n. __________ 17. Catholic adj. n. __________ 18. △Alaska n. __________ 19. △San Francisco n. __________ 20. △adventurer n. __________ 21. make a life __________ 22. △despite prep. __________ 23. hardship n. __________ 24. elect vt. __________ 25. federal adj. __________ 26. rail n. __________ 27. percentage n. __________ 28. △Los Angeles n. __________ 29. Italy n. __________ 30. Italian n.. adj. __________ 31. Denmark n. __________ 32. keep up __________ 33. △Hollywood n. __________ 34. boom n.. vi. __________ 35. aircraft n. __________ 36. △Cambodian n. __________ 37. Korea n. __________ 38. Korean n. adj. __________ 39. Pakistan n. __________ 40. Pakistani adj. n. __________ 41. △immigrate vi. __________ 42. immigration n. __________ 43. racial adj. __________ 44. crossing n. __________ 45. vice n. & adj. __________ 46. nephew n. __________ 47. pole n. __________ 48. applicant n. __________ 49. customs n. __________ 50. socialist n. adj. __________ 51. socialism n. __________ 52. occur vi. __________ 53. cattle n. __________ 54. △Hispanic n. __________ 55. indicate vt. __________ 56. back to back __________ 57. luggage n. （<美>baggage）__________ 58. shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven) __________ 59. △cable n. __________ 60. △cable car __________ 61. △Andrew Hallidie __________ 62. tram n. __________ 63. apparent adj. __________ 64. apparently adv. __________ 65. brake n. Vi. & vt. __________ 66. conductor n. __________ 67. slip vi. n. __________ 68. △wharf n. __________ 69. bakery n. __________ 70. ferry n. vt. __________ 71. △Angel Island __________ 72. team up with __________ 73. hire vt. & n. __________ 74. △fascinating adj. __________ 75. mark out __________ 76. seagull n. __________ 77. take in __________ 78. angle n. __________ 79. a great/good many __________ 80. apply for __________ 81. nowhere adv. __________ 82. △miserable adj. __________ 83. punishment n. __________ 84. justice n. __________ 85. mourn vt. & vi. __________ 86. civil adj. __________ 87. authority n. __________ 88. reform vt. & vi. n. __________ 89. grasp vt. & n. __________ 90. △thoughtful adj. __________ 91. thankful adj. __________ 92. insert vt. __________ 二、閱讀理解 A It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight. A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, ＂Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.＂ The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight. Boston University’s Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物學(xué)機(jī)制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers. The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight. For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of being obese. What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol, a pound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells. 1.The passage is mainly for those_________. A. who produce wine B. who have a drinking habit C. who go on a diet D. who are eager to lose weight 2.The underlined phrase＂ in moderation＂ in the first paragraph means _________. A. excitedly B. carefully C. frequently D. properly 3.What can we learn from the passage? A. Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight. B. Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of being fat. C. The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect. D. The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear. 4.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. How to do some easy experiments. B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine. C. How to prove the finding mentioned above. D. How to make wine in a healthy way. 【文章大意】文章講述了飲酒和健康的關(guān)系，告訴我們適量葡萄酒還會(huì)減肥。 1.B【解析】推理判斷題。文章講述了飲酒和健康的關(guān)系，比如和肥胖、疾病等的關(guān)系。所以說(shuō)是寫給有 喝酒習(xí)慣的人的，故選B。 2.D【解析】猜測(cè)詞義題。與上句形成對(duì)比，此處指適量飲酒的人事實(shí)上能減肥，moderation＂適度＂與D 項(xiàng)同義，故選D。 4.C【解析】推理判斷題。文章最后講到葡萄酒和紅酒混合會(huì)破壞肥胖細(xì)胞，所以下文會(huì)證明這一觀點(diǎn)， 故選C。 B The old Chinese saying “as happy as spending the New Year” might be outdated now in the busy modern world. The Spring Festival is regarded as the most important festival for Chinese people and an occasion for all family members to get together, like Christmas in the West. But many traditional customs acpanying the Spring Festival, however, have weakened in practice. Setting off fireworks was once the most typical custom of the Spring Festival. People thought the sputtering(爆裂) sound could help drive away evil spirits. However, the activity has been pletely or partially forbidden in big cities for years as the government has taken security, noise and pollution factors into consideration. “In recent years, some cities have begun to allow people to light fireworks during limited hours at the Spring Festival, surrendering to(屈從于) public demand. Respecting folk traditions is a gesture of respect toward public opinion，” said Zhou Xing, a folklore(民俗) researcher. “As people gain more ine and it bees easier to buy daily goods, the New Year holiday is just like any other. After long workdays, many people use the New Year holiday to take a rest, rather than visiting friends and neighbors. The process of making and enjoying the family dinner on Spring Festival Eve is the most important thing. However, many families would like to eat out to save time and energy，” said Li Shunzhi, a resident of Harbin, Heilongjiang. “I enjoy the holidays very much in the countryside. My family has been preparing for the Spring Festival more than two weeks before the holiday, cleaning the house, buying holiday goods and decorating the house with paper cuttings. On New Year’s Eve, the whole family stays up to see the New Year in, and in the days to follow, a series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern dancing, lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held. Without the ancient traditions, the holiday is nothing to us，” said Zhang Hui, from Hebei. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要介紹了中國(guó)春節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗在逐漸消失的現(xiàn)象以及人們的不同觀點(diǎn)。 1．Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage? A．Setting off fireworks has been forbidden in some big cities for years. B．Nowadays, people can light fireworks in some cities at the Spring Festival. C．People believe that the sound of fireworks can drive away evil spirits. D．In the past, setting off fireworks couldn’t be seen almost anywhere. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句可知，過(guò)去放鞭炮是過(guò)春節(jié)最典型的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗，應(yīng)該到處可見(jiàn)，故選D。 2．What Li Shunzhi said implies ． A．what people do during the festival now is different from the past B．people would like to have the family dinner on Spring Festival Eve C．people prefer to visit friends and neighbors rather than take a rest D．the New Year holiday is just like any other day A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的整體內(nèi)容可推知，哈爾濱的一位居民所說(shuō)的這段話是在感慨今昔過(guò)年的差異，故選A。 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Zhang Hui often spends two weeks preparing for the Spring Festival. B．Zhang Hui is used to spending the Spring Festival with his family. C．Zhang Hui always takes part in a series of activities after the Spring Festival. D．Zhang Hui lives in the urban area. B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“I enjoy the holidays very much in the countryside.”和“Without the ancient traditions, the holiday is nothing to us”以及本段的整體內(nèi)容可推知，張輝習(xí)慣和家人一起過(guò)春節(jié)，故選B。 4．What does the whole passage show? A．The Spring Festival is as lively as before. B．The Spring Festival is outdated now. C．The Spring Festival is losing its qualities. D．The Spring Festival in China is more important than Christmas in the West. C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句并結(jié)合全文的整體內(nèi)容可推知，本文主要講述了中國(guó)春節(jié)逐漸失去年味這一現(xiàn)象，故選C。 三、七選五 Learning another language is an exciting trip into a new world, and it can take some time and effort to get there. Luckily, there are a few easy ways to make your adventure go a lot more smoothly. Learn a little every day. One of the keys to learning another language is practicing a little bit every day. 1 Studying for long periods can wear you out and limit your focus. Starting with small but regular sessions is the best way to keep your grammar and vocabulary fresh in your mind. Practice out loud. 2 Pronunciation is the key to learning another language and to making yourself understood by native speakers. Read sentences aloud from books or magazines in the language you’ re studying, or just read over your grammar exercises while you’re practicing. You’ll start to get used to the way the new words sound and feel. Close the books. From films to international websites, there are dozens of ways to encounter(遇到)other languages in the real world. 3 Listen to international radio stations — many of them are streaming over the Internet — or look up the websites of newspapers in the language you’re studying. You can keep learning another language while surfing the web or having a movie night with your friends! 4 Learning another language takes determination and perseverance, so keep practicing! Remember to review the basics as well as new vocabulary and grammar, since everything you learn will build on the foundation you start with. Luckily, you have a great reason to keep up the hard work. 5 A. Be optimistic. B. Keep it up. C. Eventually, they’ll just e naturally. D. Remember to explore some of them when you’re learning another language. E. Learning another language can broaden your horizons and introduce you to new people and parts of the world. F. Get a feel for the language by saying words and phrases out loud while you practice. G. Reserve an hour to practice each day and stick to your schedule 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文介紹了學(xué)好另一種語(yǔ)言的幾種方法。 1.G 根據(jù)前一句＂One of the keys to learning another language is practicing a little bit every day.＂可知學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的關(guān)鍵是要每天練習(xí)，因此每天要復(fù)習(xí)一小時(shí)，并且堅(jiān)持你的計(jì)劃。故選G。 3.D 根據(jù)句子＂there are dozens of ways to encounter(遇到)other languages in the real world.＂可知有多種方法可以在真實(shí)場(chǎng)景下遇到其他語(yǔ)種，那么下一句應(yīng)該是說(shuō)我們要學(xué)會(huì)探索出一些場(chǎng)景。故選D。 4.B 根據(jù)下面的句子＂Learning another language takes determination and perseverance, so keep practicing!＂可知小標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是＂堅(jiān)持＂，由此判斷選B。 5.E 根據(jù)前面的句子＂Luckily, you have a great reason to keep up the hard work.＂(幸運(yùn)的是你有一個(gè)很好的理由來(lái)堅(jiān)持這個(gè)艱難的工作。)可知下面要講到原因，即這樣做的好處/優(yōu)點(diǎn)：開(kāi)擴(kuò)視野，幫你看到一個(gè)嶄新的世界，由此判斷選E。