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外文資料翻譯
Electromechanical integration technology and its application
An electromechanical integration technology development
Mechatronics is the machinery, micro-, control, aircraft, information processing, and other cross-disciplinary integration, and its development and progress depends on the progress of technology and development, the main direction of development of a digital, intelligent, modular, and human nature , miniaturization, integration, with source and green.
1.1 Digital
Microcontroller and the development of a number of mechanical and electrical products of the base, such as the continuous development of CNC machine tools and robots, and the rapid rise of the computer network for the digital design and manufacturing paved the way for, such as virtual design and computer integrated manufacturing. Digital request electromechanical integration software products with high reliability, easy operability, maintainability, self-diagnostic capabilities, and friendly man-machine interface. Digital will facilitate the realization of long-distance operation, diagnosis and repair.
Intelligent 1.2
Mechanical and electrical products that require a certain degree of intelligence, it is similar to the logical thinking, reasoning judgement, autonomous decision-making capabilities. For example, in the CNC machine increase interactive features, set up Intelligent I / O interface and intelligent database technology, will use, operation and maintenance of bring great convenience. With fuzzy control, neural network, gray, wavelet theory, chaos and bifurcation, such as artificial intelligence and technological progress and development and the development of mechanical and electrical integration technology has opened up a vast world.
Modular 1.3
As electromechanical integration products and manufacturers wide variety of research and development of a standard mechanical interface, dynamic interface, the environment interface modules electromechanical integration products is a complex and promising work. If the development is set to slow down. VVVF integrated motor drive unit with vision, image processing, identification and location of the motor functions, such as integrated control unit. Thus, in product development, design, we can use these standards modular unit quickly develop new products.
1.4 Network
As the popularity of the network, network-based remote control and monitoring of various technical ascendant. The remote control device itself is the integration of mechanical and electrical products, fieldbus technology to household appliances and LAN network possible, use a home network to connect various home appliances into a computer as the center of computer integrated appliances system, so that people in the home can be full enjoyment of the benefits of various high-tech, therefore, electromechanical integration products should be no doubt North Korea networks.
1.5 humanity
Electromechanical integration of the end-use product is targeted, how to give people electromechanical integration of intelligent products, emotion and humanity is becoming more and more important, electromechanical integration products in addition to improving performance, it also urged the color, shape and so on and environmental coordination, the use of these products, or for a person to enjoy, such as home robot is the highest state of human-machine integration.
1.6 miniaturization
Micro-fine processing technology is a necessity in the development, but also the need to improve efficiency. MEMS (Micro Electronic Mechanical Systems, or MEMS) refers to quantities can be produced by the micro-collection agencies, micro-sensors, micro actuators and signal processing and control circuit until interface, communication and power is one of the micro-devices or systems . Since 1986 the United States at Stanford University developed the first medical microprobe, 1988 at the University of California, Berkeley developed the first micro-motor, both at home and abroad in MEMS technology, materials and micro-mechanism much progress has been made, the development of all sorts MEMS devices and systems, such as the various micro-sensors (pressure sensors, micro-accelerometer, micro-tactile sensor), various micro-component (micro-film, micro-beam, microprobes, micro-link, micro-gear, micro-bearings, micro-pump , microcoil and micro-robot, etc.).
1.7 Integration
Integration includes a mutual penetration of various technologies, and integration of various products of different structural optimization and composite, and included in the production process at the same time processing, assembly, testing, management, and other processes. In order to achieve more variety, small batch production of automation and high efficiency, the system should have a more extensive flexible. First system can be divided into several levels, allowing the system to function dispersed, and security and coordination with other parts of the operation, and then through software and hardware at various levels will be organically linked to its optimal performance, the most powerful.
1.8 with source of
Electromechanical integration refers to the product itself with energy, such as solar cells, fuel cells and large-capacity battery. As on many occasions not be able to use electricity, which campaigns for the mechanical and electrical integration products, has a unique power source comes with the benefits. Sources with the integration of mechanical and electrical product development direction of.
Green 1.9
The development of technology in people's lives brought great changes in the material at the same time has also brought rich resources, deterioration of the ecological environment consequences. Therefore, people calling for the protection of the environment, regression, and achieving sustainable development in the concept of green products such calls have emerged. Green products is low-power, low-wood consumption, clean, comfortable, coordination and utilization of renewable products. In its design, manufacture, use and destruction of human beings should be in line with environmental protection and health requirements, electromechanical integration of green products is mainly refers to the use of time is not pollute the ecological environment, at the end of product life, and regeneration of decomposition products.
2 electromechanical integration in the application of technology in the iron and steel
In the iron and steel enterprises, the integration of mechanical and electrical systems are at the core microprocessor, the computer, industrial computer, data communications, display devices, meters and the combination of technologies such as organic, assembled by the merger means for the realization of a large-scale integrated system create conditions for effective integration, enhanced system control precision, quality and reliability. Electromechanical integration technology in the iron and steel enterprises in the mainly used in the following areas:
2.1 Intelligent Control Technology (IC)
As a large-scale iron and steel, high-speed continuous and the characteristics of the traditional control technologies encountered insurmountable difficulties, it is necessary to adopt very intelligent control technology. Control technologies include intelligent expert system, neural and fuzzy control, intelligent control techniques in steel product design, manufacturing, control, product quality and diagnostic equipment, and other aspects, such as blast furnace control system, electric furnace and continuous casting plant, steel rolling system , steelmaking - Casting integrated scheduling system - rolling, cold rolling, etc..
2.2 Distributed Control System (DCS)
Distributed control system uses a central command for the control of a number of Taiwan-site monitoring and intelligent computer control unit. Distributed control systems can be two, three or more levels. Using computers to concentrate on the production process monitoring, operation, management and decentralized control. With monitoring and control technologies, and the functions of distributed control system more and more. Not only can be achieved control of the production process, but also can be achieved online optimization, the production process real-time scheduling, production planning statistical management functions, as a measurement, control, integration of the integrated system. DCS control functions with diverse features and easy operation, the system can be extended, easy maintenance and high reliability characteristics. DCS is decentralized and centralized control monitoring, fault-minor, and the system has the chain protection features, the use of manual control system failure operational measures, the system is highly reliable. Distributed control system and centralized control system compared to their more functional, with a higher level of security. Is the large-scale integration of mechanical and electrical systems main trend.
2.3 Open Control System (OCS)
Open Control System (Open Control System) is the development of computer technology led by the new structure concept. "Open" means a standard for the exchange of information in order consensus and support this standard design systems, different manufacturers products can be compatible and interoperable, and the sharing of resources. Industrial control systems through open communication network so that all control equipment, management, computer interconnections, to achieve control and management, administration, integrated decision-making, through fieldbus to the scene and control room instrumentation control equipment interconnected to achieve integrated measurement and control of.
2.4 Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS)
CIMS is the iron and steel enterprises will be and the production and operation, production management and process control connecting to achieve from raw materials into the plant, production and processing of shipments to the entire production process and the overall integration process control. Currently iron and steel enterprises have basically achieved process automation, but this kind of "automated island" of single automation lack of information resources and the sharing of the unified management of the production process, can hardly meet the requirements of the iron and steel production. Future competition iron and steel enterprises is the focus of many varieties, small batch production, cheap and of good quality, timely delivery of goods. In order to improve productivity, saving energy, reducing staff and the existing inventory, accelerate cash flow, production, operation and management of the overall optimization, the key is to strengthen the management, access to the benefits of raising the competitiveness of businesses. The United States, Japan and some other large-scale iron and steel enterprises in the 1980s has been widely realization of CIMS.
2.5 Fieldbus Technology (FBT)
Fieldbus Technology (Fied Bus Technology) is the connection settings in the field of instrumentation installed in the control room and control devices for digital, bi-directional, multi-station communication link. Fieldbus technology used to replace the existing signal transmission technology (such as 4 to 20 mA, DC DC transmission), it will enable more information in the field of Intelligent Instrumentation devices and higher-level control system in the joint between the communications media on the two-way transmission. Fieldbus connection can be through save 66% or more on-site signal connecting wires. Fieldbus lead to the introduction of the reform and the new generation of DCS around open fieldbus automation system of instruments, such as intelligent transmitter, intelligent, fieldbus detection instruments, fieldbus of PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) local control stations and field development.
2.6 AC drive technology
Transmission technology in the iron and steel industry plays a crucial role. With power technology and the development of microelectronics technology, the development of AC variable speed very quickly. The AC drive to the advantages of electric drive technology in the near future from AC drive completely replace DC transmission, the development of digital technology, complex vector control technologies to achieve practical, AC variable speed system speed and performance has reached more than DC converter level. Now whether small or large-capacity electrical motor capacity synchronous motor can be used to achieve reversible induction motor or smoothing governor. AC drive system in the production of steel rolling emerged as a welcome users, applications continues to expand.
6
嘉興學(xué)院南湖學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)
任 務(wù) 書
課題名稱
車載輪椅升降機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
指導(dǎo)教師
系別
專業(yè)
班級
學(xué)生姓名
學(xué)號
開題日期
一、 主要任務(wù)與目標(biāo)：
1．了解輪椅升降機(jī)的使用環(huán)境、主要功能和工作原理；
2．熟練應(yīng)用三維軟件，掌握三維軟件的草圖繪制、參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)、關(guān)聯(lián)設(shè)計(jì)，進(jìn)行升降機(jī)的組成零件和裝配體的構(gòu)形設(shè)計(jì)及工程圖繪制；
3．利用所學(xué)知識實(shí)現(xiàn)基于三維的輪椅升降機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動過程模擬；
4．完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的文獻(xiàn)檢索和開題報(bào)告。
二、主要內(nèi)容與基本要求：
1．按設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行資料收集和可行性論證，完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的開題報(bào)告；
2．提出車載輪椅升降機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)方案，并進(jìn)行討論、比較、優(yōu)化，按任務(wù)要求確定升降機(jī)各組成部分的主要設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)；
3．升降機(jī)力學(xué)模型的建立；
4．升降機(jī)仿真模型的建立，仿真選定機(jī)構(gòu)的動作過程；
5．編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書，準(zhǔn)備畢業(yè)答辯。
三、計(jì)劃進(jìn)度：
1. 2014.11.15：任務(wù)書下達(dá)，進(jìn)行資料查找和可行性探討；
2. 2014.1.25前：整理收集資料，提交文獻(xiàn)綜述、開題報(bào)告、外文翻譯；
3. 2015.2.13-3.11：進(jìn)行3D軟件的學(xué)習(xí)，進(jìn)行機(jī)構(gòu)的構(gòu)形設(shè)計(jì)；
升降機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動仿真；
結(jié)構(gòu)的修改和主要零件和裝配體的工程圖繪制；
撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書，完成初稿；
4. 2015.5.11前：提交畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書初稿；
5. 2015.5.18-5.20：畢業(yè)答辯。
四、主要參考文獻(xiàn)：
[1] 邵墊，張祥，冷雷波．車載式輪椅自動升降機(jī)的研制[J]．機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)， 2007（24）8：63-65
[2] 武博，蔡萍，吉小軍．殘障人用室內(nèi)移動升降機(jī)[J]．中國醫(yī)療器械雜志，2010（34）1：24-27
[3] 金樂民．中國殘疾人輔助器具服務(wù)之探索[J]．中國康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志，2007，3：244-245
鄭文緯．機(jī)械原理[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1997，1
[4] 朱圖陵．現(xiàn)代輔助產(chǎn)品基礎(chǔ)綜述[J]．中國康復(fù)理論與實(shí)踐，2007，4： 152-153
[5] 江渡，申俊，陳棟，張錫玉．應(yīng)用人機(jī)工程學(xué)研究輪椅的舒適性[J]．機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)與制造，2006，8：12-13
[6] 楊靜．沙發(fā)椅背的人體舒適性研究[D]．碩士學(xué)位論文，南京林業(yè)大學(xué)，2008
[7] 吳宗澤．機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2001，7
[8] 張晉西， 郭學(xué)琴編著．SolidWorks及COSMOSMotion機(jī)械仿真設(shè)計(jì)[M]．北京：清華大學(xué)出版社．2007，5
指導(dǎo)教師 2014年11月05日
系 主 任 年 月 日
嘉興學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告
題目： 車載輪椅升降機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué)院名稱：機(jī)電工程學(xué)院 專業(yè)班級： 學(xué)生姓名：
1選題的背景、意義
20世紀(jì)60年代以來，隨著不斷變化的社會運(yùn)輸需求，社會顯著提高生產(chǎn)力水平，傳統(tǒng)的處理方式已經(jīng)無法滿足人們的需求，也是貨運(yùn)物流的快速增長，貨物裝卸也將增加的量的大噸位貨車或平板車，因?yàn)樨浳镔|(zhì)量大，客艙地板離地面高，全國交通逐漸轉(zhuǎn)移速度快，效率高，成本低，運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展方向已逐漸走向?qū)I(yè)化方向。在此基礎(chǔ)上，車輛裝卸升降尾板是運(yùn)輸行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物。它屬于一種新型的運(yùn)輸和裝卸工具，近年來在中國的大部分地區(qū)被廣泛使用，如電信，鐵路，航空，水利，電力，礦山，商業(yè)，軍工等行業(yè)。車載輪椅升降機(jī)，已經(jīng)改變了一直使用的人工運(yùn)輸和處理方法，不僅提高了工作效率，而且還節(jié)省了大量的人力消耗，減輕勞動強(qiáng)度。
2相關(guān)研究的最新成果及動態(tài)
目前生產(chǎn)的車載輪椅升降機(jī)企業(yè)主要是瑞典ZEPRO公司，東莞，廣東省達(dá)機(jī)械制造有限公司，有限公司，深圳市凱卓立液壓設(shè)備有限公司，廣東省，陜西省漢中市汽車液壓尾門有限責(zé)任公司。隨著生產(chǎn)力水平的不斷提高，這些產(chǎn)品將逐漸被廣泛推廣和應(yīng)用。
許多郵局站平臺，由于建設(shè)較早，受到很多限制現(xiàn)在適應(yīng)裝載運(yùn)輸車輛裝卸輪椅，結(jié)果每次裝卸必須完成由少數(shù)人走到一起，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的的不斷發(fā)展，電子郵件和包裹量的不斷增加，貨物處理越來越困難。如果使用自動化設(shè)備來代替人力搬運(yùn)和運(yùn)輸，既要加快裝卸過程中，還通過簡單的裝卸，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，汽車液壓升降，能夠成功地完成了裝載和卸載工作大大提高了裝卸和運(yùn)輸條件，提高工作效率，減輕了勞動強(qiáng)度，節(jié)省了大量的人力資源的枯竭，而且安全可靠。由于該設(shè)備是易于使用，簡單的結(jié)構(gòu)，可安裝在任何卡車和拖車的尾部，所以。超市配送中心的空軍貨物運(yùn)輸，金融運(yùn)輸，物流及運(yùn)輸，以及個(gè)體運(yùn)輸?shù)阮I(lǐng)域具有很大的市場前景。
車輛尾部升力一個(gè)三角形，采用四連桿機(jī)構(gòu)，實(shí)現(xiàn)裝卸貨物的升降平臺。車輛尾部升力結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，操作方便，安全，可靠，噪音低。因此，本課題的研究具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
3課題的研究內(nèi)容及擬采取的研究方法（技術(shù)路線）、研究難點(diǎn)及預(yù)期達(dá)到的目標(biāo)
包括車載輪椅升降機(jī)機(jī)械的設(shè)計(jì)和功能原理的機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)和篩選方案。從動力源，驅(qū)動機(jī)構(gòu)驅(qū)動模式，執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)，整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的總體規(guī)劃，解決機(jī)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)建模，動態(tài)綜合分析，系統(tǒng)控制等問題。
為了確保貨物的安全，尾板，在操作過程中保持穩(wěn)定。的功率的機(jī)制橫梁伸縮缸，同時(shí)考慮到隔室結(jié)構(gòu)，燃料箱應(yīng)安裝在底盤下面，在車廂內(nèi)。
車載輪椅的工作流程：裝載輪椅 – 舉升- 卸載-車后轎廂關(guān)閉，因此，在吊裝貨物的過程中，欄板必須保持水平平移，否則，貨物可能是從下跌的尾板被損壞。此外，在各種因素的影響，產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)必須滿足以下要求：
（1）尾板舉升過程保持水平；
（2）尾板在完成舉升后可與車廂自動合攏；
（3）尾板舉升速度適中（80mm/sec左右），舉升下降平穩(wěn)；
（4）尾板合攏角速度適中（10°/sec左右），且合攏展開平穩(wěn)；
（5）最大起重量為0.5T；
（6）舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的最小傳動角γmin≥40°；
（7）舉升、合攏所用動力部件采用伸縮油缸；
（8）油缸應(yīng)安裝在車廂下面；
（9）油缸承受最大載荷適中；
（10）尾板要便于安裝。
4研究工作詳細(xì)進(jìn)度和安排
2015.1.16~2015.2.24 接受任務(wù)，熟悉內(nèi)容，完成文獻(xiàn)綜述和英文翻譯；
2015.2.25~2014.03.28 完成開題報(bào)告，畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)、方案確定；
2014.03.29~2014.04.20 完成設(shè)計(jì)圖樣和說明書初稿；
2014.04.20~2014.04.30 修改圖樣、說明書，完成二稿；2012.05.01~2012.05.10 修改、檢查全部資料，打印、上交資料；
2014.05.11~2014.05.25 準(zhǔn)備論文答辯。
5參考文獻(xiàn)
1] 濮良貴，紀(jì)名剛.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)第八版[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2006.12
[2] 趙大興.工程制圖[M]. 北京：高等教育出版社，2004.7
[3] 聯(lián)合編寫組．機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(中冊)[M]．北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，1987.2
[4] 顧熙棠，金瑞琪，劉瑾．金屬切削機(jī)床[M]．上海：上?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社，1993.2
[5] 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊編委會. 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊新版[M]. 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， 2004.8
[6] 余仲裕. 數(shù)控機(jī)床維修[M]. 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2001.2
[7] 許福玲，陳堯明.液壓與氣壓傳動第二版[M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2006.1
[8] 唐保寧.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)與制造簡明手冊[M]. 同濟(jì)大學(xué)出版社，1998.2
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