2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 3　Inventors and inventions 【短文語法填空】 I want to do something special for my 15yearold son, who has always been a perfect boy.He worked all summer to earn enough money to buy __1__ (he) a new racingbicycle instead of asking for money from me.Then he spent hours and hours on it.I loved my son so much __2__ I bought him a pair of sunglasses and gloves.When my son rode the racingbicycle with him, he looked very cool.He dreamed __3__ taking part in a race and winning. On November 10th, my birthday, when I went to the kitchen to start the milk and bread in the morning, I found __4__ beautiful guitar on the table, beside which was a card, __5__ (say), “Happy birthday to my wonderful mother.” I was surprised and then began to sob.I remembered once I __6__ (joke) to my family that I wanted to learn the guitar to make my life wonderful.I __7__ (forget) it, but my son remembered.He took it __8__ (serious), and bought me one as a birthday gift.When I wondered __9__ my son could buy this expensive gift, soon I realized that my son had sold his racingbicycle __10__ (get) me the guitar. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。兒子在暑期辛苦掙錢，買了他喜愛的賽車；在“我”生日時，他送給了“我”一把漂亮的吉他。后來“我”才知道，他用賣掉了心愛的賽車的錢給“我”買了這把吉他。 1．himself　根據(jù)本句的主語“He”可知，此處應(yīng)用he的反身代詞，指他整個夏天都在努力工作，以賺取足夠的錢給自己買一輛賽車。故填himself。 2．that　句意：我是如此愛我的兒子，以至于我給他買了一副太陽鏡和一副手套。so ...that ...為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“如此……以至于”。故填that。 3．of　句意：他夢想?yún)⒓颖荣惒⑶耀@勝。dream of doing sth.為固定搭配，意為“夢想做某事”。 4．a(chǎn)　根據(jù)空格后的“guitar”可知，“我”在桌子上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一把漂亮的吉他；此處泛指“一把吉他”。故填a。 5．saying　此處指在吉他旁邊有一張卡片，上面寫著“祝漂亮的媽媽生日快樂”；card和say之間為主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填saying。 6．joked　根據(jù)該句中的“remembered”可知，該句陳述的是過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時。故填joked。 7．had forgotten　根據(jù)該句中的“but my son remembered”可知，“我”的兒子記得這件事情；這件事情應(yīng)是在“我”兒子想起之前“我”已經(jīng)忘記了，故用過去完成時。故填had forgotten。 8．seriously　根據(jù)空格前的動詞“took”可知，空格處修飾該動詞，故用副詞seriously，此外take sth.seriously為固定搭配。 9．how　空格處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，指當(dāng)“我”想知道兒子是怎樣買到這把昂貴的吉他的時候。故用how引導(dǎo)該賓語從句。 10．to get　兒子賣掉了他的賽車，給“我”買了這把吉他?？崭裉幾髂康臓钫Z，故用動詞不定式。故填to get。 一．高考單詞→識記思考運用 1．核心詞匯 ①abrupt adj.突然的；意外的 abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地 ②seize vt.抓住；捉??；奪 ③bear vt.忍受 bore (過去式)borne (過去分詞) ④file n．文件；檔案 vt.提交；將……歸檔 ⑤product n．產(chǎn)品 produce vt.生產(chǎn) production n．產(chǎn)量 productive adj.多產(chǎn)的；有創(chuàng)造性的 ⑥practical adj.實際的；實用的 practise vt.練習(xí) practice n．練習(xí)，實踐 ⑦convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的 convenience n．方便，便利 ⑧caution n．小心，謹(jǐn)慎 cautious adj.小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的 cautiously adv.小心地；謹(jǐn)慎地 ⑨expectation n．預(yù)料；期待；期望 expect v．預(yù)料；期待；期望；認(rèn)為 2．?？荚~匯 ①distinguish vi.& vt.顯示……的差別； 使……有所不同；辨別 ②passive adj.被動的；消極的；被動語態(tài)的 ③associate vt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系 n．同伴；伙伴 association n．社團(tuán)；協(xié)會；聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．We can stay at home and watch films online.It’s convenient (convenience) with our new and faster network.(2017江蘇卷) 2．Before birth，babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish (distinguish) their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger.(2017江蘇卷) 3．Of course，I also took some practical (practice) steps to lose weight.(2017天津卷) 4．Ordered over a week ago，the books are_expected (expect) to arrive any time now. (2016北京卷) 5．Nothing like this had ever been done before，and day after day I kept ing up with solutions，but none of them worked.My fatigue became almost unbearable (bearable)．(2016天津卷) 6．The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive (product) lives than those who had not.(2016天津卷) 7．He is_associated (associate) closely in the public mind with horror movies. 8．The bus came to an abrupt (abruptly) stop，making many passengers fall off their seats. ?“社會交往”之“警告、提醒、禁止、要求與命令” ①caution 小心 ②attention 注意 ③forbid 禁止 ④remind 提醒 ⑤warn 警告 ⑥be aware of 意識到 ⑦look out 當(dāng)心 ⑧take care 小心 ⑨watch out 當(dāng)心；注意 ⑩claim 聲張 ?mand 要求 ?force 強(qiáng)迫 ?order 命令 ?request 請求 ?“頻度”高頻詞速記 ①annual adj.每年的 ②frequent adj.頻繁的；經(jīng)常的 ③regular adj.定期的；固定的；習(xí)慣性的；經(jīng)常的 ④occasional adj.偶爾；間或 ⑤rare adj.罕有；很少 ⑥usually adv.常常 ⑦always adv.總是 ⑧often adv.經(jīng)常 ?“學(xué)習(xí)”相關(guān)詞匯一覽 ①assignment n．任務(wù)；作業(yè) ②effort n．努力 ③instruction n．教育；指導(dǎo)；傳授 ④progress n．進(jìn)步；前進(jìn) ⑤reference n．參考；參照 ⑥r(nóng)evision n．復(fù)習(xí)；溫習(xí) ?“演講；報道”相關(guān)詞匯一覽 ①lecture n．演講；講座 ②speech n．報告；演說 ③report n．報告；報道 ④address vt.演講；致辭 ⑤deliver a speech 發(fā)表演講 ⑥make a speech 發(fā)表演講 【完形填空】 After living near Madrid for a year as an au pair (以幫做家務(wù)事等換取食宿的人) three years ago, it was nice to __1__ this weekend. I felt like I was at home and thought how __2__ one can be to feel like this in a place that isnt __3__ your home. I now refer to this town as one of my ‘homes from home’ and have learnt how home is where your __4__ is. A lot of people get homesick and it is a very __5__ feeling when away from __6__ ones and home forts. __7__， I have learnt that you can feel at home when you are __8__ in that place with people who __9__ you.Through simply embracing every moment, __10__ friends and enjoying a new __11__， you can feel settled in a short amount of time. I did exactly this when moving to Spain for the first time, as positive thoughts tend to bring positive experiences. Luckily enough, I was __12__ with a host family that were very __13__， which helped to ease the process of feeling happy and settled. I now love visiting when I can to see how the children grow up and feel very blessed by being able to __14__ this. Yet again, I am living in Spain on my year abroad, but this time with students and not a(n) __15__， in a different region. Nonetheless, the process of __16__ had been easier, as I feel __17__ the Spanish culture already. Of course when moving away from home you have to __18__ many things that are different in parison to what you call home. However, this is the __19__ of travelling, exploring and __20__ yourself and a new place. A new place that one day you might be able to call your home too. 1．A.leave B．plan C．move D．visit 2．A.proud B．lucky C．popular D．real 3．A.finally B．possibly C．pletely D．necessarily 4．A.belief B．dream C．heart D．job 5．A.normal B．unique C．strong D．uneasy 6．A.similar B．unusual C．loved D．respected 7．A.However B．Therefore C．Instead D．Otherwise 8．A.free B．powerful C．a(chǎn)vailable D．fortable 9．A.care for B．look for C．a(chǎn)sk for D．wait for 10．A.missing B．making C．choosing D．a(chǎn)iding 11．A.idea B．culture C．home D．chance 12．A.chatting B．playing C．living D．dealing 13．A.wise B．honest C．successful D．friendly 14．A.change B．experience C．support D．improve 15．A.teacher B．roommate C．family D．organization 16．A.going on B．turning around C．stepping forward D．settling in 17．A.accustomed to B．excited at C．satisfied with D．interested in 18．A.give up B．start with C．a(chǎn)dapt to D．carry out 19．A.role B．secret C．delight D．symbol 20．A.helping B．discovering C．enjoying D．controlling 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是夾敘夾議文。作者在異國他鄉(xiāng)找到了自己的“家”。 1．D　根據(jù)最后一段開頭的Yet again, I am living in Spain on my year abroad, but this time with students可知，作者重“訪(visit)”西班牙。 2．B　根據(jù)上文的I felt like I was at home和下文的feel like this可知，在異國他鄉(xiāng)能找到家的感覺確實“幸運(lucky)”。 3．D　如果在某個地方——“不一定(not necessarily)”就是家——能找到家的感覺，那真是幸運。 4．C　根據(jù)上文的nice，felt like，feel like可知，作者認(rèn)識到家就是“心靈(heart)”的歸屬地。 5．A　根據(jù)上文的A lot of people get homesick及常識可知，思鄉(xiāng)是一種“正常的(normal)”情感。 6．C　根據(jù)上文的homesick可知，一個人遠(yuǎn)離自己“所愛的(loved)”人和家中的舒適，當(dāng)然會泛起鄉(xiāng)愁。 7．A　下文提到的在異鄉(xiāng)也能找到家的感覺與上文意義上發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折，故選However。 8．D 9．A　根據(jù)上文的you can feel at home可知，此處意思是，如果在一個地方能與“關(guān)愛(care for)”自己的人在一起、覺得比較“舒服(fortable)”，那自然能找到家的感覺。 10．B 11．B　根據(jù)這兩個空所在句中的embracing every moment, enjoying和you can feel settled in a short amount of time可知，如果能珍惜每個瞬間、“交(making)”些朋友、享受新的“文化(culture)”，那很快就能融入當(dāng)?shù)氐纳睢? 12．C　根據(jù)下文的host family可知，“我”與寄宿家庭“生活(living)”在一起。 13．D　根據(jù)下文的helped to ease the process of feeling happy and settled可知，寄宿家庭的成員都很“友好(friendly)”。 14．B　根據(jù)上文的see how the children grow up可知，能“親歷(experience)”這一過程，作者感到很幸福。 15．C　上文的host family是提示。 16．D 17．A　因為是第二次來西班牙，所以作者這次“安定(settling in)”下來要比上次更容易些，因為他已經(jīng)“熟悉(accustomed to)”了當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕? 18．C　根據(jù)本空所在句中的moving away from home和different in parison to what you call home可知，背井離鄉(xiāng)自然需要“適應(yīng)(adapt to)”異地不同于家鄉(xiāng)的很多方面。 19．C 20．B　根據(jù)However可知，前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折。作者認(rèn)為雖然需要適應(yīng)很多新事物，但是這恰巧就是旅游、探索、“發(fā)現(xiàn)(discovering)”自我的“樂趣(delight)”所在。 二．重點短語→識記思考運用 1．動詞＋介詞(副詞) ①call up 給……打電話；使想起 ②set about 開始；著手 ③dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 ④set out (to do)開始(做) ⑤hang on 不掛斷；稍等；緊緊握住 ⑥get through 設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)；(設(shè)法)做完；通過；度過 ⑦ring back 回復(fù)電話 ⑧ring off 掛斷電話 2．其他形式 ①now and then 偶爾；有時 ②out of order 次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障 用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Having gone through the long process，now I’ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive_into an area that is totally unknown，hard，but interesting.(2016天津卷) 2．My grandfather still plays tennis now_and_then，even though he’s in his nineties. (2016北京卷) 3．Don’t you think the files and some of the papers were out_of_order？You had better sort them out. 4．When you were out，John rang up，and he wanted you to ring him back. 5．The photos on your Wechat call_up the days when we worked together on the farms fifteen years ago. 6．Having made up his mind，F(xiàn)lank set_about carrying out the plan immediately. ?“out of＋名詞”短語集匯 ①out of breath 上氣不接下氣 ②out of balance 失去平衡 ③out of stock 脫銷 ④out of date 過時 ⑤out of patience 不耐煩 ⑥out of control 失去控制 ⑦out of style 過時，不時髦 ⑧out of work 失業(yè) ?表示“開始/著手做某事”的短語精選 ①get down to doing sth ②set out to do sth. ③set about doing sth. ④settle down to sth. ⑤start/begin doing/to do sth. ?打電話相關(guān)短語大全 ①打電話給某人 ②call/ring back 回電話 ③ ?rather 相關(guān)短語一覽 ①or rather 更確切地說 ②would rather 寧愿 ③rather than 而不是 ④other than 除了 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. (評定)專利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是很嚴(yán)格的，除非新的想法真是新穎的，否則很難被接受。 so...that...“如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。 他的發(fā)明如此實用以至于很快就獲得了專利。 His invention was so_practical_that he soon got a patent. 2.Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺中你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西占據(jù)著你的頭腦。 本句為“祈使句＋and/or/ otherwise＋陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)。 給我一次機(jī)會，我會給你一個驚喜。 Give_me_a_chance，and I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. 【短文改錯】 Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards it may make a difference. I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In a beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid make mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out that I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraging，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them. I also joined in an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice made perfect.Now I can talk fluent in English. Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us. 【答案】　 Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards may make a difference. I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt ，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I have avoided them. I also joined an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice perfect.Now I can talk in English. Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us. 第一處：it→them?？疾榇~。根據(jù)語境可知，第二句中“towards”的賓語指代的是第一句的主語“Mistakes”，故用them。 第二處：a→the。考查冠詞。根據(jù)前一句“I still remember how my spoken English was improved.”可知，該處特指上文中“提高英語口語水平”的開始，故用定冠詞。 第三處：make→making?？疾榉侵^語動詞。avoid doing sth.為固定用法，意為“避免做某事”。 第四處：that→what。考查賓語從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，what既作賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，也作從句中及物動詞thought的賓語，而that在從句中不能作成分，故將that改為what。 第五處：discouraging→discouraged。考查形容詞。根據(jù)從句主語I可知，該處應(yīng)用discouraged形容人，意為“沮喪的”；discouraging形容事物，意為“令人沮喪的”。 第六處：must→could?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞。根據(jù)語境可知，該句使用了虛擬語氣，表示“過去本能夠做卻沒有做”，故用could have done。 第七處：刪除in?？疾楣潭ù钆?。該處指“參加英語俱樂部”，參加某個組織用join，而join in為固定搭配，意為“參加活動”，故刪除in。 第八處：made→makes?？疾橹髦^一致和時態(tài)。句意：熟能生巧。該句為一般真理，故用一般現(xiàn)在時；該句主語為Practice，為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，故用makes。 第九處：fluent→fluently?？疾楦痹~。根據(jù)該句中的動詞“talk”可知，此處修飾動詞，故用副詞形式。 第十處：afraid前加be?？疾槠硎咕洹７治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為祈使句，afraid為形容詞，故afraid前加動詞原形be。