初中英語重要句型.doc

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初中重要短語/句型/慣用法 1.There be 結構 a.這是英語中常見的一種結構，表示“某地有某物”其含義為“存在有”。 eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have也解釋為“有”但是與there be有區(qū)別，它的含義是“所有，屬有”，其主語為某人。eg.I have a nice watch. b.There be 結構中的be動詞要和后面所跟名詞保持一致。 c.There is a river near our school. 否：There is not a river near our school. 問：Is there a river near our school. 回答：Yes, there is. No, there isn’t. 劃⑴How many rivers are there near our school? ⑵What’s near our school? d.there be 結構的一般將來時，同學們較難掌握，其正確形式為：there is going to be e.反意疑問句的構成：There is no water in the glass, is there? ①There is going to _____ a football match this afternoon. A.have B.watch C.be D.play ②They were sure that they were going to ____ a rest. A.be B.have C.be on D.on 2.so,neither引導的倒裝句,為了避免和前一句話的內(nèi)容重復，英語中習慣用so,neither引導的倒裝句。 a.So+be(助動詞，情態(tài)動詞)+主語。表示某人也是如此。 eg.Mike has bought some foreign stamps. So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too. b.Neither+be(助動詞，情態(tài)動詞)＋主語，表示某人也不。 eg.Mother has never been to Japan. Neither has Father.=Father has never been to Japan, either. c.So＋主語＋be(助動詞，情態(tài)動詞)。表示果真如此(贊同), 請同學們與a.區(qū)別。 eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom. B:So he is.=He is really in the class room. 3.It’s+時間+since動詞過去式。自從...起已有...時間了。 ⑴It’s two weeks since we met last.(自從我們上次見面已有兩個星期了) ⑵How long is it since we left Beijing?(自從我們離開北京已有多久了 4.祈使句+and (那么)... eg.Go straight on and you’ll see a school. =If you go straight on, you’ll see a school. 5.祈使句+or...否則... eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students. =If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the other. 6. The+比較級...，the+比較級... 越...越... eg.⑴The more, the better. 越多越好。 ⑵The harder you work on it, the better you’ll be at it.(你越用功，你就越好。) 7.How do you like the film? =What do you think of the film? (你認為這部電影怎樣？) 8.What...do with...?怎樣對付...?怎樣處理...? 雖然中文為怎樣，我們絕不可照字面翻譯為how. eg.A:What have you done with the library book? B:I’ve just returned it to the library. 9.I don’t know what to do.我不知道該怎么辦？ I don’t know how to do. 10.What...be like?...是什么樣的？ eg.⑴What’s the weather like? 天氣如何？ ⑵What’s your school like? 你們學校是什么樣的？ 11.What...for?為何目的？為什么？ eg.What do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want a science lab? 12.one of +最高級＋復數(shù) 最...之一 eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers. 13.find it +形容詞+to do eg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我發(fā)覺學好英語是很有用的) find +賓語 +名詞 eg.I find him a good boy. (我發(fā)現(xiàn)他是個好男孩.) find +賓語 +形容詞 eg.I find the door open/closed. (我發(fā)現(xiàn)門開/關著) I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的包裝滿了禮物) 14.I don’t think+肯定句 我想...不 eg.I don’t think I’ll take it. (我想我不買它了) 請注意:中文意思否定在從句中,但是英語的表達否定在主句中。 15.prefer A to B=like A better than B 更喜歡A不怎么喜歡B. eg. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than chicken 16.had better do sth.最好干某事. 否定:had better not do sth. 特別注意:had better后面跟be動詞詞組,不可漏掉be. eg.You’d better catch a train. You’d better not talk in class. You’d better not be late for the class. 17.It is good (nice)of+賓格+to do sth. eg.It is very good of you to teach me English. (你教我英語真是太好了) 18.It takes sb. some time to do sth.(干某事化費某人多少時間) =sb.spend some time on sth. (in) doing sth. eg.It took me half an hour to do the work. =I spent half anhourin doing the work. 19.sb.pay 錢 for 物 某物化費了某人多少錢 =sb.spend 錢 on 物 =物 cost sb.錢 pay的過去式為paid 而不是payed. eg.I paid thirty yuan for the coat. =I spent thirty yuan on the coat. =The coat cost me thirty yuan. 20.have been to 某人曾去過某地,現(xiàn)在人不在那兒 sb.have been in +地點 某人呆在某地(一段時間) have gone to 某人已去某地,人不在這兒 21.⑴ too…形容詞(副詞)+to…"太…而不能" "太…以致于不" eg.①The basket is too heavy for me to carry. 這籃子太重我拿不動。 ②This colour TV is too expensive for us to buy. 這臺彩電對我們來說太貴了，買不起。 ⑵so...that 如此...以致于... 上面的too...to結構的句子，可以換成so...that 引導的句子轉換。 ①The basket is so heavy that I can’t carry it. ②This colour TV is so expensive that we can’t afford it. 22.What’s the population of ...? ...人口有多少？ 不說How much population in...?形容人口數(shù)量的大用large eg.The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA 23.I’ve come to return your pan. (我跑來是還你鍋的) →Why have you come? 而不用What 24.not...until (連詞)方才，才 eg.He says that he won’t be free until tomorrow.他說他需到明天方才有空。 肯定句＋until 到 eg.You’d better wait until tomorrow. (你最好等到明天) 25.neither...nor... 既不...也不... either...or... 或者...或者... eg.Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word "hundred". Either you or she is right. (謂語動詞就近原則) both...and... 兩者都... eg.Both Jim and I are in Grade One (主語看作復數(shù)) 練習題： 1.-Where is Mary? -Oh, she _____ the librory. A.has gone to B.went to C.has been to D.had gone to 2.He knew little about the film ____ he saw it yesterday evening. A.if B.since C.until D.because 3.I____ change his mind. Don’t worry, He’ll surely come to get it. A.think he won’t B.think he will C.don’t think he won’t D.don’t think he will 4.- _____do you_____ the TV play? - Not bad, I think. A.How;think of B.What;like C.How;like D.What;think 5. I _____ have a good time _____ the party. A.hope you will;at B.like you; on C.hope you to ;in D.want you that; from 完成句子： 1. 中國有多少人口，中國的人口大約是世界人口的四分之一。 _____ the population of China? It’s about _____ ______ of the world’s population. 2.門鈴一直響著，直到門被林濤打開才停。 The doorbell ______ _____until the door was opened by Lin Tao. 3.午飯后他休息了一會兒，我也休息了一會兒。 He had a short rest after lunch, and ______ ______ I. 4.史密斯夫婦離開他們的家鄉(xiāng)已有十多年時間了。 ______ more than ten years ____ Mr and Mrs Smith left their home town. 5.公共汽車里擠得幾乎連站的地方都沒有. The bus was_____ crowded that there was hardly ______ standing room in it. 思考題： 1、做飯花了她半個小時。 It ___ ____ half an hour ___ ___ some cooking.=I ______ half an hour _______ some cooking. 2、你真好，經(jīng)常在數(shù)學上幫助我。 It’s really nice _____ you to ____ me _____ my ______. 3、Lily跑得不快，贏不了比賽。 Lily ______ run quickly _____ ______ _____ the race.=Lily ____ ____ ___ ___ ____ the race. 4、在美術課上做一張教師節(jié)卡片怎樣？ _____ ____ _____ a Teachers’ Day card ____ the art lesson? 5、足球是我校最受歡迎的運動項目之一。 Football is ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ games in our school. 1. get on/off(the bus) 上/下車 get up 起床 get ready for 為...作準備 get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服 get in 進入，收集 get sb.sth. =get sth.for sb. 為某人買某物 get on well with sb/sth. 與某人相處很好，...進展順利 2. have an accident 出事故 have a good time =enjoy oneself 玩得很高興 have a cold wet day 天氣又冷又濕 have a cough 咳嗽 have a drink(of)... 喝一杯... have a talk 聽報告 have lunch 吃午飯 have...for lunch 午飯吃... have a meeting 開會 have no idea 不知道 have a rest 休息一下 3. make a mistake 犯錯誤 mistake A for B 把A錯認為B take sth. by mistake 錯拿某物 4. make friends with 與...交朋友 make faces 做鬼臉 make a fire 生火 make an excuse 找籍口 make a...sound 發(fā)...音 make tea 沏茶 make room for... 為...找出空間 make it 如期赴約 make a team 組成一個隊 Let’s make it half past one. 注意：時間前不用介詞at 5. turn sth. on/off 打開/關掉... turn sth. up/down 把...音量開大/小 注意：當sth 是代詞時，常放中間 6. try sth. on 試穿（衣、鞋、帽） 注意：當 sth 為it或them, 常放中間try out 試驗、嘗試 try one’s best to do sth. 盡力干某事=do one’s best to do sth. 7. send sb. away 開除、解雇某人 send for sb. 派人去請某人 send up 發(fā)射 8. hear from sb 收到...的來信 hear of 聽說 9. hurry off 匆匆離去，趕快去 hurry up 趕快 10. get to +名詞 get +副詞(不用to) reach+名詞/副詞 arrive in/at +大/小地點 （后接副詞，不用at/in） eg. get to Shanghai、reach Shanghai 、arrive in Shanghai到達上海 eg. reach home、get home、arrive home 到家 11. teach sb. English 教某人英語 teach oneself=learn sth.by oneself 自學 12.到...末為止 by the end of +過去時間 （用于過去完成時） by the end of +將來時間 （用于一般將來時） at the end of+地點 在...盡頭 in the end= at last 最后，終于 13. hundreds of 成百上千 thousands of 成千上萬的 millions of 成百萬的 14. be pleased to do sth 很高興地干某事 be pleased with sth. 為某事而高興 15. be used for 被用來 be used as 被當作 be used by 被...所使用 16. so far 到目前為止， 用于現(xiàn)在完成時 17. on a Tuesday morning 一個星期二的早上 on the morning of June 15th.1998 在1998年6月15日早上 18. keep sb.doing sth. 讓某人一直干某事 keep doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事 keep on doing sth. 持續(xù)不斷地做某事 19. much too+形容詞／副詞原級 實在太... too much+不可數(shù)名詞 相當多的... eg. It’s _______ expensive. I can’t buy it. There’s ___________ rain this year. 20. thanks to...由于，多虧 thanks to one’s help=because of one’s help 由于某人的幫忙 thanks for one’s help 謝謝某人的幫助 21. be far away from＋a place/sb 遠離某地 22. wear out 穿壞、穿舊、用盡 常用于被動語態(tài)。其P.P為worn sell out 售完 賣完 23. two-month holiday=two months’ holiday 二個月的假期 24. fall asleep 入睡（進入狀態(tài)） get to sleep 入睡（還沒睡著） 25. stop sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事 eg. She stopped the child from listening. stop doing sth. 停止干某事，不再干某事 stop to do sth. 停止下來干另一件事。 26. hardly any +n. 幾乎沒有... 27. quite a/an+形容詞＋名詞 一個相當... eg. Two months is quite a long time. a very ＋形容詞+名詞 eg. English is a very useful language. 28. be afraid of+名詞 害怕... be afraid to+動詞 擔心、害怕... be afraid that+從句 恐怕... 29. so+形容詞 so strong so beautiful such+形容詞+名詞(復數(shù)或不可數(shù)) such beautiful pictures such nice smell such + a/an+形容詞+名詞（單數(shù)） such an interesting story 30. feel like doing 想干某事 31. be made/grown/produced 三個詞的被動語態(tài)都可解釋為“生產(chǎn)” 歸類: 機器一類→make(制造) 鹽.糖.絲綢→produce (經(jīng)機器加工生產(chǎn)) 農(nóng)作物、水果→grow (人工種出來的) 32. finish doing sth. 做完某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于干某事 go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)干某事 be always doing 老是干某事 33. hope to do sth. 希望干某事 ...hope that...希望某人干某事,不可用hope sb.to do sth. 34. in surprise 驚奇地（作狀語） be surprised at sb. 對某人的舉動感到詫異 be surprised to do sth. 對做某事感到驚訝 35. no space(room) to stand in 沒有站的地方、空間 36. be angry with sb. 生某人的氣 agree with sb. 同意某人的觀點 with one’s help 在某人的幫助下 選擇題： 1.They arrived ___ London___ a cold winter night. A.at, in B.in, on C.at, on D.in, at 2.It’s rather cold today.You’d better ___ more clothes before you go out. A.put on B.wear C.to put on D.to wear 3.You must be very tired. Why not ___ a rest? A.stop taking B.stop to take C.to stop taking D.to stop to take 4.___, I’ve caught up with my classmates in my English studies. A.Under his help B.With his help C.Under the help of him D.With the help of him 5.Mother told me ____ in the sun. A.not read B.don’t read C.read not D.not to read 6.Watching TV ___ is bad for your eyes. A.much too B.many too C.too much D.too many 7.Those foreign visitors ___ our city the day before yesterday. A.arrived B.reached C.reached to D.got in 8.She asked me to help her ___ her Chinese. A.at B.with C.for D.on 9.Look ___ the words in the dictionary when you don’t know ___ they mean. A.up, what B.up, that C.for, that D.for, what 10.One after another, three of them ___. A.fell asleep B.got to asleep C.went to asleep D.were sleeping 完成句子： 1.你想不想喝杯桔子汁？ Do you ______ ______drinking a glass of orange? 2.小楊畢業(yè)離校以來，我們從未收到他的來信。 We have never ______ ______ Xiao Yang since he _______ school for the last time. 3.人們興建綠色長城是為了阻止風將土刮走。 People started to build the Great Green Wall _______ _______ it could stop the wind from ______ the earth away. 4.魏華把你錯當成他的兄弟，是嗎？ Wei Hua ________ you ______ his brother,didn’t she? 思考題： 1.人造衛(wèi)星能用來向國外發(fā)送電視和廣播節(jié)目 Man-made satellites can be ___ for ___ TV and radio programmes to foreign countries. 2.多虧有了綠色長城，現(xiàn)在他們種的棉花比以前多得多了。 ____ to the Great Green Wall, they can grow a lot ___ cotton than before. 3.學生們相互交朋友，通常相處得很好。 The students make friends ___ one another and usually ___ ___ well. 4.店主說你的尺寸的羊毛衫已售完了。 The shopkeeper said the woolen sweaters ___ your size were ____.