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摘要 高粱在北方擁有非常好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和家庭效益而被十分重視 然而高 粱種植普遍在農(nóng)村 但高粱的秸稈在農(nóng)村以直接焚燒或者就是燒鍋煮飯炒 菜了 雖然國(guó)內(nèi)提倡努力發(fā)展農(nóng)村沼氣 讓它發(fā)酵 但發(fā)酵時(shí)間過于漫長(zhǎng) 而高粱的需求量很大在農(nóng)村植種隨即廣泛 根本上用于沼氣的高粱秸稈微 乎其微 然而別的處理方式 如喂養(yǎng)家畜 取暖等 需求量也不大 對(duì)秸 稈的處理也無濟(jì)于事 倘若直接集中燃燒 那可能會(huì)直接引發(fā)出好多環(huán)境 污染甚至可能會(huì)引發(fā)大型火災(zāi) 所以當(dāng)前如何處理高粱秸稈使之還田覆蓋 技術(shù)能使原有保持的農(nóng)業(yè)循環(huán)有利發(fā)展也能很好地解決好高粱秸稈的出處 迫在眉睫 因此本文研究的高粱秸稈的切割性能參數(shù)和實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置設(shè)計(jì) 國(guó)內(nèi)研究秸稈的覆蓋還田技術(shù)比較短 其中國(guó)內(nèi)科研人員像張彥河對(duì) 高粱秸稈進(jìn)行了徑向剪切和軸向剪切實(shí)驗(yàn) 吳子岳等人自行通過研究高粱 秸稈在秸稈前后無支撐力的條件下切斷速度和耗費(fèi)功率的切碎實(shí)驗(yàn)等等 但我國(guó)的高粱秸稈切割實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)是根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)要求而研究的 然而國(guó)外 特別 是歐美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家是率先提出還田覆蓋技術(shù) 所以有關(guān)還田機(jī)器研究較早 現(xiàn) 在他們一次就能對(duì)高粱秸稈收獲和秸稈粉碎 在這方面研究及應(yīng)用 我們 應(yīng)積極學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)外技術(shù)并能夠有創(chuàng)新 此次設(shè)計(jì)的高粱秸稈剪切實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)對(duì)高粱秸稈剪切特性研究為主 切割 方向有斜切 砍切 和滑切 了解到切割方式從而設(shè)計(jì)出實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)路線又考 慮到場(chǎng)地和設(shè)備的有限 以擺切式實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)為例調(diào)試出實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)參數(shù) 隨后就 著手準(zhǔn)備機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 首先設(shè)計(jì)出擺桿并計(jì)算出速度并驗(yàn)算 隨 后設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)架和轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸及軸承 最后設(shè)計(jì)出調(diào)整架及夾持裝置 擺桿及調(diào)整 架校核 運(yùn)用 Pro MECHANICA 并分析應(yīng)力和校核結(jié)果 測(cè)量系統(tǒng)是對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn) 臺(tái)過程中的擺角 切割力和切割速度分為電測(cè)量和機(jī)械測(cè)量 切割力測(cè)量 的設(shè)計(jì)首先了解它的測(cè)量原理并設(shè)計(jì)出傳感器并計(jì)算出它 切割速度測(cè)量 設(shè)計(jì)要了解光電編碼器工作原理和光電編碼器的選用 本文設(shè)計(jì)的高粱秸稈剪切實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置能達(dá)到最初設(shè)計(jì)的要求及相關(guān)參數(shù) 切割速度能達(dá)到 7 6m s 斜切角調(diào)整范圍位 最大切割間隙為 45 0 150mm 由有限元件校核分析重要零件 能夠使實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)的強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性達(dá)到 實(shí)際工作要求 此次設(shè)計(jì)的測(cè)量系統(tǒng)主要以電測(cè)量為主 機(jī)械測(cè)量為輔 使測(cè)量精度大大提高 這樣測(cè)量對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的采集和后期分析計(jì)算十分方便 可以成為高粱秸稈剪切實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置的設(shè)計(jì)并完成相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn) 關(guān)鍵詞 機(jī)械系統(tǒng) 切割 測(cè)量系統(tǒng) Abstract Sorghum has a very good economic and family benefits in the north is very seriously but widespread planting of sorghum in rural areas but in rural sorghum straw directly burning or cooking is cooking a pot roast Although the domestic efforts to promote the development of rural marsh gas let it ferment But the fermentation time is too long and a great demand sorghum planting seed in the countryside immediately widespread biogas sorghum stalks minimal for fundamental however other treatments such as feeding livestock and heating demand is not large Straw treatment did not help If direct centralized combustion that could directly lead to a lot of environmental pollution and may even lead to a large fire so how to deal with the current sorghum field covered so as to further favorable development of agricultural recycling technology allows to keep the original can be well solved Sorghum provenance imminent Therefore this paper is cutting performance parameters and test equipment design sorghum straw Domestic research straw mulching technology is relatively short Which domestic researchers like Zhang Yan He sorghum straw radial and axial shear test shear Wu Zi Yue themselves and others through research sorghum cutting speed and power consumption of chopped straw before and after the experiment at no supporting force conditions etc However China s sorghum cutting bench is based on the experimental requirements and research But abroad particularly in Europe and developed countries to field first proposed covering technology now they will be able to once harvested sorghum stalks and straw crushed and applied research in this area we should actively learn foreign technology and to have innovati Cut the stalks of sorghum bench design research sorghum shear properties of the main direction of miter cut slash and sliding cut Cutting learned way to design a bench routes and taking into account the limited space and equipment to put Case cut bench debug the bench parameters Then we begin to prepare the mechanical system design First designed pendulum and calculate the speed and checking then design the rack and the rotating shaft and the bearing the final design of the frame and adjust the clamping device Check and adjust the pendulum frame usingPro MECHANICA and analyze stress and check the results Measurement system is a bench during the swing angle cutting force and cutting speed into electrical measurement and mechanical measurements Cutting force measurement design to first understand its measuring principle and sensor design and calculate it Cutting speed measurement designed to understand the working principle of optical encoders and optical encoder selection Sorghum shear test apparatus designed in this paper can achieve the original design requirements and associated parameters Cutting speed can reach 7 6m s the miter angle adjustment range position the maximum cutting gap is 150mm Checking by the finite element analysis of the important parts enabling bench strength and stability to achieve actual work requirements The design of the measuring system is mainly based electrical measurements mechanical measurements supplemented by the measurement accuracy is improved greatly so that the measurement data acquisition and post analysis and calculation is very convenient it can become a design sorghum shear test apparatus and complete the relevant Experimet Keyword Mechanical Systems cutting measuringsy 目錄 第一章緒論 1 1 1 問題的提出 1 1 2 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 2 1 2 1 國(guó)內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 2 1 2 2 國(guó)外研究現(xiàn)狀 3 第二章總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 5 2 1 試驗(yàn)臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)要求 5 2 2 試驗(yàn)臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)路線 6 2 3 試驗(yàn)臺(tái)技術(shù)參數(shù) 6 第三章機(jī)械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)及校核 8 3 1 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 8 3 1 1 擺桿設(shè)計(jì)及速度驗(yàn)算 8 3 1 2 機(jī)架設(shè)計(jì) 10 3 1 3 轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸及軸承設(shè)計(jì) 11 3 2 調(diào)整架及夾持裝置設(shè)計(jì) 12 3 3 擺桿及調(diào)整架校核 13 3 3 1 使用 Pro MECHANICA 的一般過程 13 3 3 2 應(yīng)力分析 14 3 3 3 校核結(jié)果 19 第四章測(cè)量系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 20 4 1 切割力測(cè)量設(shè)計(jì) 20 4 1 1 切割力測(cè)量原理 20 4 1 2 傳感器的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 21 4 2 切割速度測(cè)量設(shè)計(jì) 23 4 2 1 光電編碼器工作原理 23 4 2 2 光電編碼器的選用 25 第五章結(jié)論 28 參考文獻(xiàn) 29 致謝 30