高中英語 Unit 19《Language》課件 北師大版選修7

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Module 7 Unit 19 Language,重點(diǎn)單詞,1．a(chǎn)bsence n．不存在，缺乏 精講拓展 in sb.’s absence在某人不在的時(shí)候 absence from離開，缺席 in the absence of不存在，缺 be absent from不在，缺席 absent-minded adj. 茫然的，心不在焉的，心神不定的,典型例句 Carolin will be in charge of the office during my absence. 我不在的時(shí)候，辦公室由卡羅琳負(fù)責(zé)。[朗文當(dāng)代] She has had repeated absences from work this year. 今年她屢屢曠工。[劍橋高階] In the absence of any further evidence the police were unable to solve the murder. 由于缺乏更確實(shí)的證據(jù)，警方破不了這宗謀殺案。[朗文當(dāng)代] Absence makes the heart grow fonder.別離情更深。[諺語],①She told the story with a complete________of any humour，which made us disappointed. A．sense B．a(chǎn)bsence C．a(chǎn)ppearance D．a(chǎn)ttendance 解析：考查名詞辨析。句意為：她毫無幽默地講了這 個(gè)故事，這讓我們感到很失望，由后半句“我們很失 望”，可知道故事講的不成功，缺乏幽默。A項(xiàng)sense of humour“幽默感”，不符合題意；appearance“外貌”和 attendance“參加”均不符合題意。 答案：B,即學(xué)即用,2．surround vt.環(huán)繞，圍繞 (常用被動(dòng)語態(tài))n.裝飾 精講拓展 surround sth.with sth.用……把……圍繞起來 surround oneself with sth.……的氛圍 典型例句 She was sitting on the floor surrounded by the books. 她坐在地板上，周圍都是書。[朗文當(dāng)代] Mystery still surrounds the exact circumstances of Stalin’s death. 斯大林去世的確切情況仍是迷霧重重。[劍橋高階] The old fireplace has a very attractive surround. 這老式壁爐有一圈很好看的裝飾。[朗文當(dāng)代] The house is situated in very pleasant surroundings. 那所房子所處的環(huán)境非常優(yōu)美。[朗文當(dāng)代],即學(xué)即用,②A child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied________. A．places of interest B．surroundings C．surrounding D．customs 解析：考查詞語辨析。句意為：生活在枯燥乏味的環(huán)境下的孩子的智 力遠(yuǎn)趕不上生活在豐富多變的環(huán)境下的孩子。place of interest“名 勝”；surroundings“環(huán)境”；surrounding為形容詞“周圍的 ”； customs“海關(guān)；習(xí)慣”。故B項(xiàng)符合題意。 答案：B ③When Mr.Brown got off the train，he found himself ________ by his students. A．surround B．to surround C．surrounding D．surrounded 解析：考查surround 的非謂語形式。句意為：當(dāng)布朗先生下火車 時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被學(xué)生包圍著。賓語補(bǔ)足語和賓語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 故用過去分詞。 答案：D,3．a(chǎn)dequate adj.勝任的，足夠的，充分的；適當(dāng)?shù)?精講拓展 adequate to/for sth.適合的 adequate for對(duì)于……是充分的 adequate to do足以做 典型例句 The city’s water supply is no longer adequate for its needs. 這個(gè)城市的供水不能再滿足需要了。[朗文當(dāng)代] I hope he will prove adequate to the job. 我希望他將證明他能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。[朗文當(dāng)代] We have an adequate supply of paper for our needs. 我們的紙張足以滿足我們的需求。[美國傳統(tǒng)] He doubted your adequacy for the job. 他懷疑你是否能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。[朗文當(dāng)代],詞語辨析 adequate/enough/sufficient (1)三者都作為“足夠的，充足的，”可用在名詞前，表數(shù)量，但adequate和sufficient較為正式。 We had adequate/enough/sufficient money for the journey. 我們?yōu)檫@次旅行準(zhǔn)備了足夠的錢。 (2)enough和sufficient可置于復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，adequate 不可。 Are there enough/sufficient apples for everyone？ 有足夠的蘋果分給每一個(gè)人嗎？ (3)表示數(shù)量時(shí)，adequate常有g(shù)ood enough (夠好的或量足夠的)之意。 The prisoners received adequate food. 犯人有相當(dāng)好(質(zhì)量好或量足夠)的食物。 The prisoners received enough/sufficient food. 犯人的食物夠吃的。,即學(xué)即用,④Existing levels of funding are not________ to deal with this problem. A．unique B．natural C．a(chǎn)dequate D．a(chǎn)ccessible 解析：考查詞語辨析。句意為：現(xiàn)有的撥款水平不足以 處理這個(gè)問題。unique 獨(dú)一無二的；natural自然的； adequate足夠的；accessible易進(jìn)入的，易接近的。C項(xiàng) 符合題意。 答案：C,4．unconscious adj.不知不覺的，無意的，不省人事的， 失去知覺的 精講拓展 knock/beat sb.unconscious打昏某人 be unconscious of sth.沒有意識(shí)到某事物 unconsciousness n．無意識(shí) be conscious of/that.意識(shí)到…… 典型例句 He was quite unconscious of having offended them. 他完全沒有意識(shí)到已經(jīng)得罪了他們。[朗文當(dāng)代] The boy is in a state of unconsciousness. 那男孩處于失去知覺的狀態(tài)。[朗文當(dāng)代] She was hit on the head by a stone and knocked unconscious. 一塊石頭擊中了她的頭部，使她昏了過去。[劍橋高階] My unconscious desire is to impress him. 我潛意識(shí)里的欲望是想吸引他注意。[劍橋高階],即學(xué)即用,⑤She has the________habit of biting her fingernails，which makes her mother very worried. A．unconscious B．a(chǎn)mbiguous C．instant D．a(chǎn)dequate 解析：考查形容詞辨析。句意為：她有無意識(shí)的咬指甲的 習(xí)慣，這讓她媽媽很擔(dān)心。unconscious無意識(shí)的，不知 不覺的；ambiguous模棱兩可的；instant瞬時(shí)的； adequate充分的。故A項(xiàng)符合題意。 答案：A,5．resemble vt.像；與……相似 精講拓展 closely/strongly resemble 極為相似 faintly/vaguely resemble 略微相似 resemblance n．類似，相似 bear a resemblance to(＝be similar to.)與……相似 警示誤區(qū)：resemble 是及物動(dòng)詞，但不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 典型例句 She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character. 她的外表像她的姐姐，但個(gè)性不像。[朗文當(dāng)代] There is a strong resemblance between Susan and Robert. 蘇姍和羅伯特相貌非常相似。[朗文當(dāng)代] You resemble your mother very closely. 你長得很像你媽媽。[劍橋高階] After the earthquake，the city resembled a battlefield. 地震過后，這座城市看上去就像戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)一般。[劍橋高階],即學(xué)即用,⑥Soldiers are trained under conditions that closely________real combat. A．similar B．resemble C．like D．compare 解析：考查詞義、詞性辨析。句意為：士兵們?cè)谂c實(shí)戰(zhàn) 極為相似的條件下接受訓(xùn)練。定語從句中缺少謂語動(dòng) 詞，雖然A，C都有像之意，但similar為形容詞，like為 介詞，故不能選，resemble v．與……相似。compare v．與……相比較。 答案：B,6.attain vt.達(dá)到，獲得 精講拓展 attain one’s goal達(dá)到目標(biāo) attain to perfection達(dá)到完美 attain to the age of 20到20歲的年齡 attainable adj.可以達(dá)到的，可以獲得的 attainment 達(dá)到，獲得 詞語辨析 attain/acquire/obtain/gain/achieve (1)attain常指經(jīng)過不懈的努力獲得未曾預(yù)料的結(jié)果，也可指達(dá) 到某一目標(biāo)。 (2)acquire多用于不斷的“學(xué)”，“問”等慢慢的獲取“學(xué)問”，“技 術(shù)”等較抽象的東西，名詞acquisition“習(xí)得”。 (3)obtain表示經(jīng)過相當(dāng)長的時(shí)間或經(jīng)過很大的努力，獲得期望 已久的東西，一般用于正式文體中。 (4)gain含義較obtain更進(jìn)一層，表示付出更大的努力才能獲 得，故常譯為“贏得”。 (5)achieve 多指成就、目標(biāo)、幸福的取得。,典型例句 She attained rank of deputy director. 她晉升為副局長。[朗文當(dāng)代] I managed to acquire two tickets for the concert. 我設(shè)法弄到了兩張音樂會(huì)的票。[朗文當(dāng)代] Further information can be obtained from our head office. 詳細(xì)的資料可從我們總部得到。[朗文當(dāng)代] I hope you’ll gain by the experience.(＝learn a useful lesson from it.) 我希望你從這經(jīng)歷中得到教益。[朗文當(dāng)代] He will never achieve anything/his objectives if he doesn’t work harder. 如果他不加緊努力工作，他會(huì)一事無成(將永遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到自己的目的)。[朗文當(dāng)代],用acquire，achieve，attain，obtain，gain的適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁铡?⑦I’ve________only half of what I’d hoped to do. ⑧She________a knowledge of English by careful study. ⑨Leo Loacoco ________the position of President of the Ford Motors. ⑩No________without pains. ?I finally managed to________a copy of the report. 答案：⑦achieved ⑧acquired ⑨attained ⑩gains ?obtain,即學(xué)即用,7．ensure vt.確保，保證 精講拓展 ensure sth.確保某事發(fā)生 ensure sb.sth.保證讓某人獲得某物 ensure that-clause保證…… 典型例句 If you want to ensure that you catch the plane，take a taxi. 你要是想確保能趕上那班飛機(jī)，就坐出租車去吧。[朗文當(dāng)代] This medicine will ensure you (＝make certain that you get) a good night’s sleep. 這藥保證能讓你睡一夜好覺。[朗文當(dāng)代] I need to ensure that you will arrive on time. 我需要確保你按時(shí)到達(dá)。[美國傳統(tǒng)],詞語辨析 ensure/assure/guarantee (1)ensure指確保某種行動(dòng)或動(dòng)機(jī)的結(jié)果一定會(huì)發(fā)生 (2)assure指以十分肯定的語氣向別人保證某事一定發(fā)生，其賓語通常為人，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為assure sb.of sth. (3)guarantee強(qiáng)調(diào)保證品質(zhì)，服務(wù)，信譽(yù)等 We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way. 我們能保證工作會(huì)按正確的方式進(jìn)行。 Many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers. 許多店主保證讓顧客滿意。 He assured us of his ability to solve the problem. 他向我們保證他有解決這個(gè)問題的能力。,即學(xué)即用,?Careful planning and hard work will ________our final success. A．enclose B．ensure C．discharge D．deny 解析：此題考查在具體的語境中不同動(dòng)詞的語意的識(shí) 別。句意為：認(rèn)真的計(jì)劃和勤奮的工作將確保我們最 后的成功。enclose隨信附上；ensure確保，保證； discharge允許……離開，開除；deny否認(rèn)(指控)。 答案：B,8.approval n．贊成，贊許，批準(zhǔn)，許可。反義詞(disapproval) 精講拓展 meet with sb.’s approval得到某人的贊許，得到某人的認(rèn)可 give/grant approval批準(zhǔn) on approval(商品)包退，不滿意可退換 approve of sth.贊同某事 approve of sb.doing sth.贊同某人做某事 典型例句 The audience showed their approval by cheering loudly. 觀眾高聲喝彩表示贊許。[朗文當(dāng)代] The new proposals have won the approval of the board. 新建議得到董事會(huì)的認(rèn)可。[朗文當(dāng)代] We can’t start building without the council’s approval. 未經(jīng)委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)，我們不能動(dòng)工。[朗文當(dāng)代] We bought our new furniture on approval. 我們買的是可以包退包換的新家具。[美國傳統(tǒng)],即學(xué)即用,?I don’t really________of children wearing make-up. A．a(chǎn)gree B．satisfy C．a(chǎn)pprove D．expect 解析：考查詞義的辨析。句意為：我不太贊同兒童化妝。 agree同意，但不與of連用；satisfy滿意，與with搭配； expect期望，常構(gòu)成expect sb.to do，故C 符合題意。 答案：C ?Most of his girlfriends failed to meet with his father’s________. A．a(chǎn)pproval B．a(chǎn)ttention C．excitement D．patience 解析：考查名詞辨析。句意為：他的大部分女友都沒有得 到他父親的認(rèn)可。meet with sb.’s approval得到某人的贊 許，得到某人的認(rèn)可。 答案：A,9．a(chǎn)pplicant n．申請(qǐng)人 精講拓展 apply for 申請(qǐng)…… apply to sb.for sth.為某事向某人申請(qǐng) apply to.對(duì)……適用 apply oneself to.專心致力于…… application form申請(qǐng)表 警示誤區(qū)：在使用過程中我們常用apply for 表示“申請(qǐng)”，若向某 人申請(qǐng)則用apply to sb.做題時(shí)一定要審慎以免失誤。 典型例句 We had 250 applicants for the job. 我們有250人申請(qǐng)這份工作。[朗文當(dāng)代] We’ve applied to the council for a home improvement grant. 我們已向市政府申請(qǐng)改善住房的撥款。[朗文當(dāng)代] Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial processes. 科學(xué)上的發(fā)明通常都應(yīng)用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程。[朗文當(dāng)代] The students applied themselves to their homework. 學(xué)生們專心做家庭作業(yè)。[美國傳統(tǒng)],即學(xué)即用,?If you________yourself to the work in hand，you’ll soon finish it. A．a(chǎn)ppeal B．request C．a(chǎn)pply D．claim 解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意為：如果你致力于手頭的工作， 你就會(huì)很快將它完成。appeal呼吁，要求；request要求，請(qǐng) 求；claim聲稱，要求；apply申請(qǐng)，運(yùn)用；但apply oneself to.表示專心致力于…… 答案：C ?After 15 years in the USA，he has finally decided to________American citizenship. A．concentrate on B．a(chǎn)pply for C．look out for D．a(chǎn)ppeal to 解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語的辨析。句意為：在美國住了15年后， 他最終決定申請(qǐng)加入美國國籍。concentrate on 集中精力 于……；apply for申請(qǐng)；look out for注意看，挑選出； appeal to呼吁，故B項(xiàng)符合題意。 答案：B,10.adjust vt.&vi.調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)；使適合，使適應(yīng) 精講拓展 adjust to sth.適應(yīng)某物 adjust oneself to sth.使自己適應(yīng)于某事 adjust sth.for sth.(＝change sth.to show the effect of something else)因另一事物的影響而調(diào)整某事物 make adjustments作些調(diào)整 典型例句 You can adjust the colour on the TV by turning this knob. 你可以轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)這個(gè)旋鈕來調(diào)整電視的色彩。[朗文當(dāng)代] He adjusted(himself) very quickly to the heat of the country. 他很快就(使自己)適應(yīng)了這個(gè)國家的炎熱氣候。[朗文當(dāng)代] We made a few minor adjustments to the plan. 我們對(duì)計(jì)劃做了些小的調(diào)整。[朗文當(dāng)代] The lifestyle is so different－it takes a while to adjust. 生活方式差別太大了，得過一段時(shí)間才能適應(yīng)。[劍橋高階],即學(xué)即用,?You must________the focus of the camera before taking a picture. A．a(chǎn)dapt B．a(chǎn)ddict C．a(chǎn)djust D．a(chǎn)ddress 解析：句意為：照相前你必須調(diào)整照相機(jī)的焦距。 adapt適應(yīng)；addict n．對(duì)……有癮的人；adjust調(diào)整， 調(diào)節(jié)；address寫地址，向……講話。 答案：C,重點(diǎn)短語,1．stand out 引人注目，顯眼，突出，杰出，出色 精講拓展 stand out against在……襯托下很顯眼，(公開)反對(duì)，抵抗 stand out as 作為……而出色 stand out in one’s mind 清晰記得 stand out for 堅(jiān)決要求 stand by袖手旁觀，支持，忠于，信守，遵守(承諾，協(xié)議) stand up起立，站立 stand back往后退，遠(yuǎn)離 stand for是……的縮寫，代表，象征,典型例句 The new road sign is easy to read，the words stand out well. 新路標(biāo)容易辨認(rèn)，上面的字很醒目。[朗文當(dāng)代] Among mystery writers，Agatha Christie stands out as a real master. 在偵探小說作者中，阿加莎·克里斯蒂最為杰出，是一位真正的大師。[朗文當(dāng)代] I’m standing out against his idea. 我堅(jiān)決反對(duì)他的主意。[朗文當(dāng)代] We had lots of good applicants for the job，but one stood out from the rest. 我們這個(gè)職位有很多不錯(cuò)的申請(qǐng)者，但有一個(gè)人相當(dāng)出眾。[劍橋高階],即學(xué)即用,?In this list，two names________particularly. A．stand up B．stand by C．stand for D．stand out 解析：stand up站起身；stand by袖手旁觀；stand for 代表，for是介詞，后需要接賓語；stand out醒目，顯 眼。句意為：在這份名單中，有兩個(gè)名字特別顯眼。 答案：D,2.be associated with.與……相關(guān)聯(lián) 精講拓展 associate with sb.與某人交往或打交道 associate sb./sth.with 把某人/某物與……聯(lián)系起來 associate degree準(zhǔn)學(xué)士學(xué)位 associate professor副教授 in association with 和……一起，與……合作 典型例句 The scientist decided he didn’t want to be associated with the project，and left. 這個(gè)科學(xué)家決定不愿與這個(gè)計(jì)劃有任何瓜葛，因而離開了。 [朗文當(dāng)代] I associate summer with holidays. 我總把夏季與休假聯(lián)系在一起。[朗文當(dāng)代] The council is working in association with the police on this. 對(duì)于這件事，地方議會(huì)正同警方進(jìn)行協(xié)作。[朗文當(dāng)代] We associate the desert with dry weather. 我們把沙漠與干旱的氣候聯(lián)系起來。[美國傳統(tǒng)],即學(xué)即用,?Many graduates are working on occupation________farming now. A．close associate with B．close associated with C．closely associated with D．closely associate with 解析：考查associate的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式及close和closely的 用法區(qū)別。句意為：目前很多大學(xué)畢業(yè)生正在從事與農(nóng) 耕緊密相關(guān)的職業(yè)。首先可以從are working.可以推斷 出空格為非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，故排除A，D兩項(xiàng)。又close 作 副詞用，意為“靠近地(指場(chǎng)所上靠近)”，closely表示“緊 密地、密切地”。 答案：C,3．be involved in 牽涉在內(nèi)的，卷入……的 精講拓展 be/get/become involved in sth.與某事有關(guān)聯(lián)，參與某事，熱 衷于某事，專心于某事 be involved with sb./sth.與某人/某事有牽連/有關(guān) involve doing需要做…… involve sb.in sth.把某人牽涉到某事中，把某人卷入到某事中 involvement n．參與，卷入，牽連 警示誤區(qū)：involve 意為“包括，涉及，引起”，后面只能 接動(dòng)名詞，不能接不定式。 典型例句 If I were you，I wouldn’t get involved in their problems. 如果我是你，我是不會(huì)卷入他們的問題的。[朗文當(dāng)代] I prefer teaching methods that actively involve students in learning. 我更喜歡能讓學(xué)生主動(dòng)參與學(xué)習(xí)的教學(xué)法。[劍橋高階] The operation involves putting a small tube into your heart. 這項(xiàng)手術(shù)需要在你的心臟里放一根小管子。[劍橋高階],完成句子 ?Don’t________me________(卷入)________(解決)your problems. He was________ ________(參與)a heated argument. Don’t________ others ________(牽連)your mistakes. I________ ________ ________(被卷入)the quarrel between Tom and Jack. 答案：?involve；in；solving involved in involve；in got/was/became involved in,21,22,23,21,22,23,即學(xué)即用,4．catch on 受歡迎，變得流行；理解，明白，學(xué)會(huì) 精講拓展 catch on to sth./what-clause理解，了解，懂 catch one’s eye突然吸引某人的注意 catch you later回頭見，一會(huì)兒見 catch at sth.試圖抓住某事物 catch sb./sth.up(＝catch up with sb./sth.)趕上某人或車輛 catch sb.by the wrist/the sleeve抓住某人的手腕/衣袖 catch sb.in the act of doing sth.當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住某人在做某事 catch sight of sb./sth.看見某人(物),典型例句 I wonder if the game will ever catch on with young people. 我想知道這個(gè)游戲會(huì)不會(huì)在年輕人當(dāng)中流行開來。[劍橋高階] It was a long time before the police caught on to what he was really doing. 過了好長時(shí)間警方才搞清楚他其實(shí)在干什么。[朗文當(dāng)代] I suddenly caught sight of her in the crowd. 我突然在人群中看見了她。[朗文當(dāng)代] You walk on and I’ll catch up with you later/I’ll catch you up later. 你往前走吧，我過一會(huì)兒就追上你。[朗文當(dāng)代],It took me a long time to________to the direction. A．catch on B．catch in C．catch up D．catch with 解析：句意為：我花了很長時(shí)間才搞清楚方向。catch on to the direction(理解，明白)搞清楚方向，be caught in sth.遭 遇，catch sb.up趕上，catch up with sb./sth.趕上。 答案：A The new method caught________and many peasants became very skillful at it. A．on B．up C．a(chǎn)t D．in 解析：catch on受歡迎，變得流行。句意為：新的方法受歡 迎，許多農(nóng)民都精于此。 答案：A,24,25,My sister is very good at English，for she is very quick to________to new words and expressions. A．reach out B．stand for C．hold up D．catch on 解析：句意為：我妹妹英語學(xué)的好，因?yàn)樗龑?duì)新單詞和短 語理解的快。reach out(his hand)伸出(他的手)；stand for 代表；hold up使延誤，阻礙；catch on to sth.理解， 明白。 答案：D,26,重點(diǎn)句型,1．.you say that there is a discount provided_that I pay in advance.你說如果我提前付款，可以打折。 精講拓展 (1)provided(that)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件狀語從句，意思為“如果， 只要” (2)providing that 也表示“只要，倘若” (3)類似表達(dá)：as/so long as；only if；on condition that.； suppose/supposing(that)(常用于問句) 典型例句 Provided( that) there is no opposition，we shall hold the meeting here. 如果沒人反對(duì)，我們就在這里開會(huì)。[朗文當(dāng)代] I will go，provided/providing(that) you go too. 只要你去，我就去。[朗文當(dāng)代],________you pay me back by Friday，I’ll lend you the money. A．Unless B．Because C．Provided D．Whether 解析：考查詞語辨析。句意為：只要你星期五前能把錢還 給我，我就借給你。unless除非；because由于；provided 只要；whether是否。故C符合題意。 答案：C,27,2．But sadly，the chances that we will have the opportunity to live in an English-speaking country is small.但不幸的是，我 們生活在講英語的國家的機(jī)會(huì)是很小的。 精講拓展 本句中的that 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語從句。同位語從句常用來解釋 說明某一名詞的內(nèi)容和實(shí)質(zhì)。常接同位語從句的名詞有 idea，suggestion，hope，wish，word，promise， message，news，explanation等。除了that常用來引導(dǎo)同位 語從句外，其他的連接代詞和連接副詞也可用來連接同位語 從句。 典型例句 The manager turned down his suggestion that more safety measures should be taken to protect the workers. 經(jīng)理拒絕了他提出的采取更多安全措施保護(hù)工人的建議。 There is a faint chance that you will find him at home. 你在他家找到他的可能性很小。,即學(xué)即用,There is much chance________Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. A．that B．which C．until D．if 解析：that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句解釋說明chance的內(nèi)容。 答案：A A warm thought suddenly came to me________I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. A．if B．when C．that D．which 解析：that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句解釋說明thought的內(nèi)容。 答案：C,28,29,3．What_this_means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums.這就意味著，他們要確保通過多種方式給 學(xué)生足夠的英語輸入量。 精講拓展 “what this means”在句中作主語，what引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在 從句中作means 的賓語；that 在本句中引導(dǎo)表語從句，且不 在句中充當(dāng)任何成分。conveyed to the students through various mediums是過去分詞短語作input的后置定語，相當(dāng) 于定語從句：which is conveyed to the students through various mediums.,典型例句 In the end，she obtained what she had longed for for years，but she didn’t live happily. 最終她獲得了渴望多年的東西，但過得并不快樂。 My idea is that we should hold another meeting to discuss the matter. 我的想法是我們應(yīng)再舉行會(huì)議來商討這件事。,People in Chongqing are proud of________they have achieved in the past ten years. A．that B．which C．what D．how 解析：what 引導(dǎo)賓語從句并在從句中作賓語。 答案：C,30,Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from________their parents speak at home. A．what B．that C．which D．one 解析：what 引導(dǎo)賓語從句并在從句中作賓語。 答案：A The traditional view is________we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to do so. A．when B．why C．whether D．that 解析：that 引導(dǎo)表語從句且在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，也沒有一定的含義。 答案：D,31,32,名師原創(chuàng),1．On the one hand I valued his friendship，but________I disliked his pride and selfishness. A．a(chǎn)lso B．on others C．in some other way D．on the other hand 解析：考查詞語辨析。句意為：一方面我很重視跟他的友 誼，但另一方面，我卻不喜歡他的自負(fù)與自私。句中有一個(gè) 很明顯的關(guān)鍵詞，即on the one hand這樣構(gòu)成on the one hand.，on the other hand.一方面……另一方面。 答案：D 2．Her________of mind during driving nearly caused an accident. A．presence B．a(chǎn)bsence C．a(chǎn)ppearance D．sense 解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。presence在場(chǎng)出席；absence缺乏； sense感覺，意識(shí)。句意為：在開車過程中，她精神不集中差 點(diǎn)造成交通事故。absence of mind精神不集中，心不在焉。 答案：B,3．He expressed his approval________the suggestion that the school be established immediately. A．on B．with C．to D．of 解析：考查介詞辨析。句意為：他表達(dá)了他贊成立刻建設(shè)學(xué) 校的建議。approval贊成，同意，其后常跟of搭配。 答案：D 4. When we went into the cold room，we saw________wood piled up in the corner. A．a(chǎn) plenty of B．a(chǎn) number of C．a(chǎn) huge amount of D．a(chǎn) good many of 解析：考查數(shù)量詞的正確使用。句意為：當(dāng)我們走進(jìn)那間冰 冷的房間時(shí)，看到墻角處堆著一大堆木頭。由于木頭是不可 數(shù)名詞，故用a huge amount of 來修飾。A項(xiàng)中去掉a也可 以，a number of 和a good many of 都用來修飾可數(shù)名詞。 答案：C,5．Teachers are increasingly conscious________the importance of the Internet. A．with B．of C．to D．by 解析：考查介詞與conscious的搭配。句意為：老師們?cè)絹碓?意識(shí)到因特網(wǎng)的重要性。be conscious of 意為“意識(shí)到，注 意到”。 答案：B 6．He played the piano，and he________from all the other musicians. A．worked out B．turned out C．gave out D．stood out 解析：句意為：他彈奏鋼琴，并且和其他音樂家比起來顯得 突出。work out解決(問題)，鍛煉，按某種方式發(fā)展；turn out 結(jié)果是，最后證明是；give out分發(fā)，耗盡；stand out 突出。 答案：D,7．When you are in a foreign country，you may find it difficult to________yourself to the climate there. A．suit B．get used to C．a(chǎn)djust D．fit 解析：句意為：當(dāng)你身處國外時(shí)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)難以適應(yīng)那里的 氣候。suit(顏色，款式，風(fēng)格，時(shí)間等)適合；get used to 變得習(xí)慣于；adjust oneself to sth.調(diào)整自己以適應(yīng)……； fit(大小，尺寸)適合。故C符合題意。 答案：C 8．________you finish your homework first，you can go out to play. A．In that B．As if C．Even if D．Provided that 解析：句意為：只要你先完成作業(yè)，你就可以出去玩。in that是“既然，由于”的意思；as if好象；even if即使； provided that只要，如果。 答案：D,9．Will future oil supplies be adequate________world needs? A．to meet B．meeting C．for meeting D．a(chǎn)t meeting 解析：句意為：未來的石油供應(yīng)足夠世界的需要嗎？be adequate to do足夠做……。 答案：A 10．Ellen asked Mr.Roge for________，but her proposals were turned down. A．a(chǎn)pproval B．a(chǎn)ppetite C．a(chǎn)ppearance D．a(chǎn)rgument 解析：考查名詞辨析，approval批準(zhǔn)；appetite食欲； appearance外表；argument爭(zhēng)辯，爭(zhēng)論。句意為：艾倫請(qǐng) 求羅杰先生批準(zhǔn)她的提議，不過被駁回了。 答案：A,名詞性從句Ⅱ 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 連詞：that(無任何詞義) whether，if(均表示“是否”，表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性) as if ，as though(均表示“好像”，“似乎”) 以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分 連接代詞：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which，whichever，whomever 連接副詞：when，where，how，why,一、 主語從句 1．作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞 that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which， whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where， why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代 詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作 用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不得而知。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。 Where the English evening party will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。,Whoever leaves the room last is supposed to turn off the lights.(whoever＝anyone who) Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever ＝ anyone of you ) Whatever he did was right.(whatever＝ the thing that),2．當(dāng)主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)，下面 這個(gè)句型例外： What we need is more time. What we need are more books.,3．有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句 作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句 后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下： (1) It is ＋名詞＋that從句 It is a fact that.事實(shí)是…… It is an honor that.非常榮幸…… It is common knowledge that.是常識(shí)…… It is a surprise that.令人驚奇的是…… (2) It is ＋形容詞＋that從句 It is natural that.很自然…… It is strange that.奇怪的是……,(3) It is ＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋that從句 It seems that.似乎…… It happens that.碰巧…… It appears that.似乎…… It occurred to me that.我突然發(fā)現(xiàn)…… (4) It is＋過去分詞＋that從句 It is reported that.據(jù)報(bào)道…… It has been proved that.已證實(shí)…… It is believed that.人們相信…… It is known to all that.眾所周知…… It has been decided that.已決定……,4．主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況 (1)if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首，但whether 可以。例如： Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有沒有生命是個(gè)有趣的問題。 (2) It is said(reported)that.結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提 前。例如： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.(right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong) (3) It happens that.，It occurs to sb.that.結(jié)構(gòu)中的主 語從句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong),(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether.結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提 前。例如： It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(right) Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.(wrong) (5) 含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。例 如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that it will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) 5．what 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別 what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語、賓 語、表語，而that 則不然。例如： What you said yesterday is right. That she suddenly fel