電大《混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計原理》期末復(fù)習(xí)試題及詳細參考答案資料.doc

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電大《混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計原理》期末復(fù)習(xí)資料小抄 一、單項選擇題 1.下列關(guān)于鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的說法正確的是（ ）。 A. 鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)自重大，有利于大跨度結(jié)構(gòu)、高層建筑結(jié)構(gòu)及抗震 B. 鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)雖然抗裂恨不能較差，但在正常使用時通常是不允許帶裂縫工作的 C. 鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)隔熱、隔聲性能較好 D. 鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)施工比較復(fù)雜，建造耗工較多，進行補強修復(fù)也比較困難 2.可變荷載有四種代表值，其中（ ）為基本代表值，其余值可由它乘以相應(yīng)的系數(shù)得到。 A. 標準值 B. 組合值 C. 準永久值 D. 頻遇值 3.當結(jié)構(gòu)或構(gòu)件出現(xiàn)（ ）時，我們認為其超過了承載能力極限狀態(tài)。 A. 結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C動體系，或構(gòu)件撓度超過允許的限值 B. 結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C動體系，或結(jié)構(gòu)或構(gòu)件喪失穩(wěn)定 C. 結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C動體系，或構(gòu)件裂縫寬度超過了允許的最大裂縫寬度 D. 構(gòu)件撓度超過允許的限值，或結(jié)構(gòu)或構(gòu)件喪失穩(wěn)定 4.鋼筋混凝土梁的受拉區(qū)邊緣達到（ ）時，受拉區(qū)開始出現(xiàn)裂縫。 A. 混凝土實際的抗拉強度 B. 混凝土的抗拉強度標準值 C. 混凝土的抗拉強度設(shè)計值 D. 混凝土彎曲時的極限拉應(yīng)變 5.有明顯流幅的熱軋鋼筋，其屈服強度是以（ ）為依據(jù)的。 A. 比例極限 B. 強度極限 C. 屈服上限 D. 屈服下限 6.單筋矩形梁正截面承載力計算基本公式的適用條件是（ ）。 A. ??≤ ??b和As≥As,min ? B. ??≤ ??b和As≤As,min C. ??? ≥ ??b 和As≥As,min D.? ≥ ??b 和As≤As,min 7.雙筋矩形截面梁正截面承載力計算基本公式的第二個適用條件x≥2a的物理意義是（ ）。 A. 防止出現(xiàn)超筋破壞 B. 防止出現(xiàn)少筋破壞 C. 保證受壓鋼筋屈服 D. 保證受拉鋼筋屈服 8.受彎構(gòu)件斜截面承載力計算公式是以（ ）為依據(jù)的。 A. 斜拉破壞 B. 斜彎破壞 C. 斜壓破壞 D. 剪壓破壞 9.為了保證受彎構(gòu)件的斜截面受剪承載力，設(shè)計時通常不把梁的截面尺寸設(shè)計得過小，并且限制最大配筋率，用于防止（ ）發(fā)生。 A. 斜拉破壞 B. 斜彎破壞 C. 斜壓破壞 D. 剪壓破壞 10.偏心受壓構(gòu)件界限破壞時，（ ）。 A. 遠離軸向力一側(cè)的鋼筋屈服比受壓區(qū)混凝土壓碎早發(fā)生 B. 遠離軸向力一側(cè)的鋼筋屈服比受壓區(qū)混凝土壓碎晚發(fā)生 C. 遠離軸向力一側(cè)的鋼筋屈服與另一側(cè)鋼筋屈服同時發(fā)生 D. 遠離軸向力一側(cè)的鋼筋屈服與受壓區(qū)混凝土壓碎同時發(fā)生 11.螺旋箍筋柱較普通箍筋柱承載力提高的原因是（ ）。 A. 螺旋筋使縱筋難以被壓屈 B. 螺旋筋的存在增加了總的配筋率 C. 螺旋筋約束了混凝土的橫向變形 D. 螺旋筋的彈簧作用 12.進行構(gòu)件的裂縫寬度和變形驗算的目的是（ ）。 A. 使構(gòu)件滿足正常使用極限狀態(tài)要求 B. 使構(gòu)件能夠在彈性階段工作 C. 使構(gòu)件滿足承載能力極限狀態(tài)要求 D. 使構(gòu)件能夠帶裂縫工作 13.正常使用極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計主要是驗算構(gòu)件的變形和抗裂度或裂縫寬度，計算中（ ）。 A. 荷載采用其設(shè)計值，需乘分項系數(shù)，不考慮結(jié)構(gòu)重要性系數(shù) B. 荷載采用其標準值，不需乘分項系數(shù)，不考慮結(jié)構(gòu)重要性系數(shù) C. 荷載采用其設(shè)計值，需乘分項系數(shù)，考慮結(jié)構(gòu)重要性系數(shù) D. 荷載采用其標準值，不需乘分項系數(shù)，考慮結(jié)構(gòu)重要性系數(shù) 14. 條件相同的鋼筋混凝土軸拉構(gòu)件和預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土軸拉構(gòu)件相比較，（ ）。 A. 后者的承載力低于前者 B. 后者的抗裂度比前者好 C. 前者與后者的抗裂度相同 D. 前者與后者的承載力和抗裂度均相同 15. 計算偏心受壓構(gòu)件，當（ ）時構(gòu)件確定屬于大偏心受壓構(gòu)件。 A. ?? ≤ ??b B. ?? ＞??b C. ηei ＞0.3h0 D. ηei≤0.3h0 16. 對鋼筋進行冷加工的目的是（ ）。 A. 提高屈服強度 B. 增加鋼材的塑性 C. 提高鋼筋與混凝土的粘結(jié)強度 D. 調(diào)直、除銹 17. 為了保證結(jié)構(gòu)的正常使用和耐久性，構(gòu)件裂縫的控制等級有（ ）級。 A. 10個 B. 5個 C. 3個 D. 2個 18. 當適筋梁的受拉鋼筋剛屈服時，梁正截面的承載能力（ ）。 A. 達到最大值 B. 接近最大值 C. 離最大值還有一段距離 D. 開始下降 19. 無腹筋簡支梁主要通過下列哪種方式傳力？（ ） A. 縱筋的銷栓力 B. 混凝土骨料的嚙合力 C. 混凝土與受拉鋼筋形成的拱 D. 不能確定 20. 大小偏壓破壞的主要區(qū)別是（ ）。 A. 偏心距的大小 B. 受壓一側(cè)砼是否達到極限壓應(yīng)變 C. 截面破壞時受壓鋼筋是否屈服 D. 截面破壞時受拉鋼筋是否屈服 21. 梁斜截面破壞有多種形態(tài)，且均屬脆性破壞，相比之下，脆性稍小一些的破壞形態(tài)是（ ） A. 斜壓破壞 B. 剪壓破壞 C. 斜拉破壞 D. 剪彎破壞 22. 下列哪種狀態(tài)應(yīng)按正常使用極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計？（ ） A. 結(jié)構(gòu)作為剛體失去平衡 B. 因過度的塑性變形而不適于繼續(xù)承載 C. 影響耐久性能的局部損壞 D. 構(gòu)件喪失穩(wěn)定 23. 鋼筋和混凝土之間的粘結(jié)強度，（ ）。 A. 當外部荷載大時，其粘結(jié)強度大 B. 當鋼筋進入混凝土中的長度長時，其粘結(jié)強度大 C. 混凝土強度等級高時，其粘結(jié)強度大 D. 鋼筋級別低時，其粘結(jié)強度大 24. 在設(shè)計雙筋梁、大偏壓和大偏拉構(gòu)件時，要求的條件是為了（ ）。 A. 防止受壓鋼筋壓屈 B. 保證受壓鋼筋在構(gòu)件破壞時能達到設(shè)計屈服強度 C. 避免＞400N/mm2 D. 保證受拉鋼筋屈服 25. 驗算鋼筋混凝土受彎構(gòu)件裂縫寬度和撓度的目的是（ ）。 A. 使構(gòu)件能夠帶裂縫工作 B. 使構(gòu)件滿足正常使用極限狀態(tài)的要求 C. 使構(gòu)件滿足承載能力極限狀態(tài)的要求 D. 使構(gòu)件能在彈性階段工作 26. 鋼筋混凝土軸心受拉構(gòu)件的平均裂縫間距與縱向鋼筋直徑及配筋率的 關(guān)系是（ ）。 A. 直徑越大，平均裂縫間距越小 B. 配筋率越大，平均裂縫間距越大 C. 直徑越小，平均裂縫間距越小 D. 不能確定 27. 在軸心受拉構(gòu)件砼即將開裂的瞬間，鋼筋應(yīng)力大致為（ ）。 A. 400N/mm2 B. 310N/ mm2 C. 30N/ mm2 D. 210N/ mm2 28. 螺旋箍筋柱較普通箍筋柱承載力提高的原因是（ ）。 A. 螺旋筋使縱筋難以被壓屈 B. 螺旋筋的存在增加了總的配筋率 C. 螺旋筋約束了混凝土的橫向變形 D螺旋筋的彈簧作用 29. 普通鋼筋，即鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)中的鋼筋和預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)中的非預(yù) 應(yīng)力鋼筋，宜采用HRB400級和HRB335級鋼筋，也可采HPB235級 鋼筋和RRB400級鋼筋，以（ ）鋼筋作為主導(dǎo)鋼筋。 A. HPB235級 B. HRB335級 C. HRB400級 D. HRB500級 30. 由混凝土的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變曲線可見，隨著混凝土強度的提高，（ ），因此 延性越差。 A. 上升段和峰值應(yīng)變的變化不顯著，下降段的坡度越緩 B. 上升段和峰值應(yīng)變的變化顯著，下降段的坡度越緩 C. 上升段和峰值應(yīng)變的變化顯著，下降段的坡度越陡 D. 上升段和峰值應(yīng)變的變化不顯著，下降段的坡度越陡 二、判斷題 1. 通常所說的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)是指素混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是指鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)。（ ） 2. 鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)對鋼筋性能的要求有強度、塑性（或變形能力）、可焊性、溫度要求及與混凝土的粘結(jié)力或稱握裹力。 （ ） 3. 鋼筋混凝土梁斜截面破壞的三種形式是斜壓破壞，剪壓破壞，斜拉破壞。（ ） 4. 只存在結(jié)構(gòu)承載能力的極限狀態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)的正常使用不存在極限狀態(tài)。 （ ） 5. 剪跨比、混凝土強度、縱筋配筋率和截面尺寸都是影響無腹筋簡支梁斜截面受剪承載力的主要因素。 （ ） 6. 為了保證受彎構(gòu)件的斜截面受剪承載力，設(shè)計時通常采取配置一定數(shù)量的間距不太大的、滿足最小配箍率的箍筋，以防止斜拉破壞發(fā)生。 （ ） 7. 素混凝土矩形截面受扭構(gòu)件在純扭矩作用下的破壞形式屬脆性破壞。 （ ） 8. 大偏心受壓破壞屬脆性破壞，小偏心受壓破壞屬延性破壞。 （ ） 9. 軸心受拉構(gòu)件破壞時，混凝土的拉裂與鋼筋的受拉屈服同時發(fā)生。 （ ） 10. 對于預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土構(gòu)件，先張法構(gòu)件中的預(yù)應(yīng)力是靠鋼筋與混凝土之間的粘結(jié)力來傳遞的，后張法構(gòu)件是靠錨具來傳遞和保持預(yù)加應(yīng)力的。 （ ） 11. 鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)對鋼筋性能的要求有強度、塑性（或變形能力）及與混凝土的粘結(jié)力或稱握裹力。 （ ） 12. 正常使用極限狀態(tài)的設(shè)計表達式，按不同的設(shè)計目的，分別考慮荷載的標準組合、荷載的準永久組合和荷載的頻遇組合。 （ ） 13. 受彎構(gòu)件斜截面受剪承載力計算公式是依據(jù)剪壓破壞得到的，故其不適用于斜拉破壞和斜壓破壞。 （ ） 14. 《混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計規(guī)范》采用穩(wěn)定系數(shù)φ表示長柱承載能力的降低程度，所以，φ為長柱的截面積與短柱的截面積之比。 （ ） 15.鋼筋混凝土梁斜截面破壞的三種形式是斜壓破壞，剪壓破壞和斜拉破壞。（ ） 16. 混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)是以混凝土為主要材料的，并根據(jù)需要配置鋼筋、預(yù)應(yīng)筋、型鋼等，組成承力構(gòu)件的結(jié)構(gòu)。 ( ) 17. 混凝土雙向受壓時強度比其單向受壓時強度降低。 （ ） 18. 鋼筋混凝土無腹筋梁發(fā)生斜拉破壞時，梁的抗剪強度取決于混凝土的抗拉強度剪壓破壞也基本取決于混凝土的抗拉強度，而發(fā)生斜壓破壞時，梁的抗剪強度取決于混凝土的抗壓強度。 （ ） 19. 一般來說，設(shè)計使用年限長，設(shè)計基準期可能短一些；設(shè)計使用年限短，設(shè)計基準期可能長一些。 （ ） 20. 無腹筋承受集中力時，梁的剪切承載力隨剪跨比的增大而增大。 （ ） 三、簡答題 1. 在荷載、溫度、收縮等外界因素作用下，鋼筋和混凝土這兩種材料結(jié)合在一起能夠共同工作，其主要原因在于？ 答： 2. 根據(jù)配筋率不同，簡述鋼筋混凝土梁的三種破壞形式及其破壞特點？ 答： 3. 在受彎構(gòu)件正截面承載力計算中，??b的含義及其在計算中的作用各是什么？ 答： 4. 作用在結(jié)構(gòu)上的荷載，按作用時間的長短和性質(zhì)分類，可分為哪三種？ 答： 5. 什么情況下采用雙筋截面梁？ 答： 6. 建筑結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該滿足哪幾項功能要求？ 答： 7. 何謂鋼筋混凝土梁的配筋率？隨著配筋率不同，鋼筋混凝土梁可能出現(xiàn)哪三種不同的破壞形態(tài)？ 答： 8. 正截面承載力計算有哪些基本假定？ 答： 9. 斜截面受剪承載力計算公式為什么要設(shè)置上限和下限（適用范圍）？ 答： 控制上限，防止斜壓破壞 控制下限，防止斜拉破壞 10. 受壓構(gòu)件的一般構(gòu)造要求包括哪幾項？ 答： 1. 截面尺寸及形式 2. 材料的強度要求 3. 縱筋的構(gòu)造要求 4. 箍筋的構(gòu)造要求 四、計算題 1. 鋼筋混凝土梁截面尺寸b=200mm,h=450mm,混凝土C25，鋼筋采用HRB335級，環(huán)境類別為一類。梁承擔的彎矩設(shè)計值M=180KN﹒m。受拉鋼筋較多，需布置再排，取h0=450-60=390mm。求：所頊的縱向受力鋼筋A(yù)s,A/s的值。 已知：??b=0.55 Mulmax=a1?cb? ??b(1-0.5? ??b) 解： Mulmax=111.92000.553902(1-0.50.55)=144.346]00=144.35KN-m Mu2py180-144.35=35.65KN-m 2. 鋼筋混凝土矩形截面簡支梁，截面尺寸為200500mm2。該梁承受的最大 剪力設(shè)計值為180KN（包括自重），混凝土強度等級為C25，箍筋為HRB 335（?yv=300N/ mm2），僅配箍筋ф6@200。要求復(fù)核斜截面所能承受的 剪力是否安全。 已知：?1=1.27N/ mm2, ?yv=300N/ mm2,h0=465 mm Vu=0.7 ?tbh0+1.25 ?yv﹒ 3. 已知矩形截面梁bh=255mm600mm，處于一類環(huán)境，已配置4根直徑 22mmHRB400級縱向受拉鋼筋（單排布置），混凝土強度等級為C25，試計算該梁所能承受的彎矩設(shè)計值。 已知：梁的保護層厚度c=25mm,HRB400級鋼筋?y=360N/mm2,C25級混凝土?c=11.9N/ mm2,受拉鋼筋截面積AS=1520mm2,a1=1.0,? ?0.518? ?=?b?? ? 4. 承受均布荷 載設(shè)計值q作用下的矩形截面簡支梁，安全等級二級，處于一類環(huán)境，截面尺寸bh=200mm550mm，混凝土為C25級，箍筋采用HPB235級鋼筋。梁凈跨度ιn=5.0m。梁中已配有雙肢ф8@200箍筋，試求該梁在正常使用期間按斜截面承載力要求所能承擔的荷載設(shè)計值q。 已知：A25混凝土?t=1.27N/mm2,HPB235級鋼筋的?yv=210N/mm2,h0=515mm, 解： 《混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計原理》期末復(fù)習(xí)資料參考答案 一、單項選擇題 1. A 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. D 6.A 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. A 20. D 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. C 二、判斷題 1.（） 2.（√） 3.（√） 4.（） 5.（） 6.（√） 7.（√） 8.（） 9.（） 10.（√） 11.（） 12.（√） 13.（√） 14.（ ） 15.（√） 16. (√) 17.（） 18.（√） 19.（） 20.（） 三、簡答題 1. 答： 1. 兩者有相近的線膨脹系數(shù) 2. 混凝土硬化后，兩者之間產(chǎn)生良好的粘結(jié)力。 2. 答： 1.當配筋率小于最小配筋率ρmin時，為少筋梁梁產(chǎn)生脆性破壞。 2. 當配筋率大于最大配筋ρmax時，為超筋梁梁產(chǎn)生脆性破壞。 3. 當配筋率在ρmin≤ρ≤ρmax時，為適筋梁梁產(chǎn)生延性破壞。 3. 答： ??b稱相對界限受壓區(qū)高度??b。 當混凝土的相對受壓區(qū)高度??=大于??b時 梁為超筋梁，當??≤??b時，為適筋梁。 4. 答： 恒載 可變荷載 偶然荷載 5. 答： 當接單筋截面梁設(shè)計時，若給定的彎矩設(shè)計值過大，截面設(shè)計不能滿足適筋梁的適用條件（x≤??b﹒h0），且由于使用要求截面高度受到限制不能增大，同時混凝土等級因條件限制不能再提高，則可采用雙筋截面梁，以鋪完混凝土受壓力不足。 6. 答： 安全性 適用性 耐久性 7. 答： 配筋率等于縱向受力筋面As隊以梁的有效面積h0﹒b。 當實際配筋率ρmin≤ρ＜ρmax為適筋梁，延性破壞。 當ρ＜ρmin為少筋梁，脆性破壞。 當ρ＜ρmax為超筋梁，脆性破壞。 8. 答： 1. 構(gòu)件正截面在彎曲變形后依然保持平面。即平面假定。 2. 不考慮受拉區(qū)混凝土的抗拉強度。 3. 混凝土的應(yīng)力——應(yīng)變曲線，按文件規(guī)定。 9. 答： 控制上限，防止斜壓破壞 控制下限，防止斜拉破壞 10. 答： 1. 截面尺寸及形式 2. 材料的強度要求 3. 縱筋的構(gòu)造要求 4. 箍筋的構(gòu)造要求 四、計算題 1. 解： Mulmax=111.92000.553902(1-0.50.55)=144.346]00=144.35KN-m Mu2py180-144.35=35.65KN-m 2. 解： =82677+49278=131955N=131.96KN＜180KN(不安全) 3. 解： 1. 驗算梁是否會超筋 H0=600-35=565mm2 X＜xb不會超筋 2. 驗算梁是否會少筋 或 3. 計算M u =257.5(KN-m) 4. 解： =91.567+67.99=159.6（KN） 請您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。。?015年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese請您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。?！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that youllwait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming "Golden Week" it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, "China Inner Mongolia Arxan — Hailar — Manzhouli". It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round -- the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name "Haren Arxan" means "hot holy water" in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the countrys largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as its time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If itrains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulangs misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the "Begging for Skills Festival" or "Daughters Festival." In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentines Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the "Chinese Valentines Day." More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying "Sales on Chinese Valentines Day!" in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. AsAPECis going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here. We became colleagues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me. There was only a glass between us. So actually we could see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural. We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while. He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there. But the truth is not. It was the humble guy sitting in front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that it’s beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me. I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there. Then later on, there were some little surprises once in a while. Once, there was something wrong with my drawer and I had complained about it unconsciously. And he fixed it for me. Then the other day, he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying” I love you more than I can say! Diamond stands for marriage, rose stand for love. I hope you are mine, become my wife. You are the only girl who I really want to spend the rest of my life to stand by.” Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant. He meant so clear and so direct. And actually, I accepted him some days earlier. I was just waiting for him to break the ice. So finally, the common interests and the common understanding brought us together. Some people say the relationship and the feeling will change after getting hitched. You will find that love is no longer strong and there is always lack of passion and what’s worse you may find out many bad habits of your partner, which never appear when you are first in love before the marriage. It seems that many faults turn up after you truly living together and see each other’s face the moment you open your eyes in the early morning. But after almost 4 years from now, I do not feel any negative change in our relationship. During all these years, we know each other better and we become more tolerant about each other and I realize that if you really love a person you will accept his imperfect. And what is the qualification of a good husband? Once I was chatting with my colleague about this issue. And one of the qualifications I thought was that he must be a good cook. But to my surprise, my colleague said that a good husband must be someone who makes big money. What made her think so was quite beyond me. Maybe I am not sophisticated enough and what I want is just simple life style. The most enjoyable thing is that we go to the market to buy