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摘 要
隨車起重機(jī)屬于臂架型起重裝置,集起重和運(yùn)輸于一體,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、易于操作,不僅節(jié)省勞動(dòng)力,而且極大的降低了工作強(qiáng)度、提高了工作效率。廣泛應(yīng)用于交通運(yùn)輸、港口和倉庫中。
此次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)在對(duì)隨車起重機(jī)進(jìn)行調(diào)研和可行性分析的基礎(chǔ)上,從力學(xué)角度,對(duì)10噸隨車起重裝置的起升機(jī)構(gòu)、變幅機(jī)構(gòu)和回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了具體設(shè)計(jì)。
所設(shè)計(jì)的起升機(jī)構(gòu)包括液壓馬達(dá)、減速機(jī)、棘輪停止器和卷筒幾部分。減速機(jī)用來降低液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)速度,根據(jù)變速比,確定了其具體型號(hào)。卷筒用于繞進(jìn)或放出鋼絲繩,根據(jù)工作條件和起重量,對(duì)卷筒和鋼絲繩的具體規(guī)格進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。棘輪停止器用來防止逆轉(zhuǎn),根據(jù)所受的彎矩和壓力,對(duì)其進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。
變幅機(jī)構(gòu)用來改變起重機(jī)幅度,包括臂架系統(tǒng)和變幅傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。本文中,采用了伸縮式、箱形結(jié)構(gòu)。箱形結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)裝有伸縮油缸,起重裝置的變幅可通過液壓缸實(shí)現(xiàn)。
回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)包括回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置和回轉(zhuǎn)驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置,并采用蝸輪蝸桿減速機(jī)和液壓馬達(dá)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)自重輕,受力合理,運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)。
關(guān)鍵詞:隨車起重裝置 ;起升機(jī)構(gòu) ;變幅機(jī)構(gòu) ;回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu) ;起重臂
ABSTRACT
Truck Mounted Crane (TMC) belongs to boom-crane. Combining the advantages of booming and transporting together, it has the features of compact structure and easy operation,not only saves the labor force, but also decreases the labor intensity and increases the efficiency of working. It is widely used in traffic transportation, docks and warehouses.
In this paper, based on the investigation and feasibility analysis of TMC, the winch mechanism, the arm-changing mechanism and the swing mechanism of the TMC 10T were designed from the mechanics angle.
The winch mechanism consists of hydraulic motor, decelerating machine, ratchet wheel stopping machine and reel. Decelerating machine lowers the speed of the hydraulic motor for driving, and its size was defined according to the ratio of the speed variety. The reel is to wind or unwind the load hoisting wire rope. The sizes of the reel and the wire rope were designed according to the work condition and the rise weight. Ratchet wheel stop is used to stop the converse motion, and it was decided by the pressure the gear bears.
The arm-changing mechanism is the system that changes the arm range of the boom-crane. It includes the arm system and the arm-changing moving system. In this paper, flexible arm type and box form structure were used. Cylinder bodies are fitted on the boom. The working range of TMC can be realized by the extension or retraction of the cylinder body.
The swing mechanism contains swing bearing and swing driver. Bearings, worm-and-wheel steering gear and hydraulic motor were adopted. This structure has the advantages of light weight, reliable force and smooth action.
Key words: Truck Mounted Crane ; Winch mechanism ; Arm-changing mechanism ; Swing mechanism ; Boom
目 錄
1 概述 1
1.1起重機(jī)械的任務(wù)及其在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的作用 1
1.2起重機(jī)械的發(fā)展簡況和動(dòng)向 1
1.2.1我國起重機(jī)械的發(fā)展簡況 1
1.2.2起重機(jī)械的發(fā)展動(dòng)向 2
1.3起重機(jī)械簡介 4
1.3.1起重機(jī)械的概念 4
1.3.2起重機(jī)械的工作特點(diǎn)和主要組成 4
1.3.3起重機(jī)械的基本形式 5
1.4起重機(jī)簡介 7
1.4.1起重機(jī)的概念 7
1.4.2起重機(jī)的組成結(jié)構(gòu) 7
1.4.3起重機(jī)的種類 7
1.4.4起重機(jī)的發(fā)展趨勢 8
1.5起重技術(shù)目前在國內(nèi)、外的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 9
1.5.1目前國外起重技術(shù)的發(fā)展 9
1.5.2國內(nèi)起重技術(shù)的發(fā)展 9
1.6隨車起重機(jī)行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀及前景展望 10
1.6.1隨車起重機(jī)簡介 10
1.6.2隨車起重機(jī)行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀 11
1.6.3 隨車起重機(jī)前景 12
2 隨車起重裝置設(shè)計(jì)的可行性分析及方案確定 13
2.1可行性分析 13
2.1.1技術(shù)可行性的分析 13
2.1.2 經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性的分析 14
2.2隨車起重裝置方案確定 15
2.2.1起升機(jī)構(gòu) 16
2.2.2回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu) 17
2.2.3變幅機(jī)構(gòu) 17
3 起升機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 19
3.1起升機(jī)構(gòu)的傳動(dòng)方案 19
3.2鋼絲繩的設(shè)計(jì) 20
3.2.1鋼絲繩結(jié)構(gòu)形式的選擇 20
3.2.2鋼絲繩使用注意 21
3.3取物裝置 21
3.3.1吊鉤的設(shè)計(jì) 21
3.4卷筒的設(shè)計(jì) 22
3.4.1卷筒種類的選擇 22
3.4.2卷筒材料 23
3.5滑輪組的設(shè)計(jì) 24
3.5.1滑輪組的種類選用 24
3.5.2鋼絲繩進(jìn)出繩槽時(shí)的允許偏角 24
3.6棘輪的設(shè)計(jì) 25
4 起升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 27
4.1確定起升機(jī)構(gòu)傳動(dòng)方案 27
4.2選擇鋼絲繩 27
4.3確定滑輪主要尺寸 28
4.4確定卷筒尺寸 28
4.5選則電動(dòng)機(jī) 29
4.6驗(yàn)算電動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)熱條件 30
4.7選擇減速器 30
4.8驗(yàn)算起升速度和實(shí)際所需功率 31
4.9校核減速器輸出軸強(qiáng)度 31
4.10選擇制動(dòng)器 31
4.11選擇聯(lián)軸器 32
4.12驗(yàn)算起動(dòng)時(shí)間 32
4.13驗(yàn)算制動(dòng)時(shí)間 33
5 減速器的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 34
5.1傳動(dòng)裝置的總效率 34
5.2確定總傳動(dòng)比及各級(jí)分傳動(dòng)比 34
5.3傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)計(jì)算 34
5.3.1計(jì)算各軸轉(zhuǎn)速: 34
5.3.2計(jì)算各軸輸入功率: 34
5.3.3計(jì)算各軸輸入轉(zhuǎn)矩: 35
5.4傳動(dòng)件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 35
5.4.1高速級(jí)齒輪的強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算 35
5.4.2低速級(jí)齒輪的強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算 38
5.4.3棘輪的強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算: 41
5.5軸的計(jì)算 41
5.5.1軸Ⅰ的設(shè)計(jì) 42
5.5.2軸Ⅱ的設(shè)計(jì) 44
5.5.3軸Ⅲ的設(shè)計(jì) 49
5.6滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇和計(jì)算 52
5.6.1輸入軸 52
5.6.2輸出軸 53
5.6.3卷筒軸 54
5.7鍵聯(lián)接的選擇和驗(yàn)算 55
5.7.1輸入軸 55
5.7.2輸出軸 56
5.8箱體的設(shè)計(jì) 56
5.9減速器附件的設(shè)計(jì) 57
5.10減速器的潤滑和密封形式 58
6 變幅機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 60
6.1變幅機(jī)構(gòu)的作用 60
6.2變幅機(jī)構(gòu)的類型 60
6.2.1變幅性質(zhì)的分類 60
6.2.2變幅方法的分類 60
6.3吊臂的設(shè)計(jì) 61
6.3.1三鉸點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì) 61
6.4起重臂設(shè)計(jì) 61
6.4.1起重臂基本參數(shù)計(jì)算與選用 61
6.4.2起重臂的形狀及主要計(jì)算參數(shù) 62
6.5變幅油缸的選用 65
6.5.1變幅油缸推力的計(jì)算 65
6.5.2變幅油缸缸徑的計(jì)算 65
7 回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 66
7.1回轉(zhuǎn)支承的選用 66
7.1.1簡介 66
7.1.2載荷計(jì)算 66
7.1.3阻力矩計(jì)算 67
7.1.4校核 68
7.1.5回轉(zhuǎn)減速機(jī)輸出扭矩 68
7.2回轉(zhuǎn)減速機(jī)的選用 69
7.3支腿反力計(jì)算 69
7.3.1平均分配載荷 69
7.3.2垂直缸計(jì)算 69
7.3.3垂直缸需流量計(jì)算 70
結(jié) 論 71
參考文獻(xiàn) 72
翻譯部分 73
英文原文 73
中文譯文 73
致 謝 82