2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 3 Life in the future（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Unit 3　Life in the future 【短文語法填空】 Some people live in the world for body while others for dignity. I once 1.　　　　　　(take) a walk along the street on a Saturday dusk,with a Pepsi can in my hand.An old woman in ragged clothes,2.　　　　　　 was living on collecting used cans,jars and tins,moved slowly towards me,with a bag on the back!3.(walk)nearer,she looked up at me and then fixed her eyes on my can. At that time,I hadn’t finished my cola,so I gave her several coins instead. She stared at me for a few seconds and handed back the money.Quite 4.　　　　　　　　(confuse),I asked,“Why not?Isn’t that 5.　　　　　　　　 you want?” “I am not a 6.　　　　　　　　(beg),” she said seriously,word by word. Instantly,I felt so sorry.I had intended 7.　　　　　　(help)her,pletely misunderstanding her.Thus I hurt her.What I could do at that moment was only to drink up the cola and handed her 8.　　　　　　 emptied can.This time,she gave me a smile with 9.　　　　　　　　(satisfy)and gratitude in her eyes.The woman is poor in material life but is so 10.(respect) as a man.I am not only moved but also have learned a good lesson. 答案1.took　2.who　3.Walking　4.confused　5.what　6.beggar　7.to help　8.the　9.satisfaction　10.respectable (對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P118) 一．高考單詞→識記思考運用 1．核心詞匯 ①__aspect__ n．方面；層面 ②__previous__ adj.在前的；早先的 ③__lack__ vi.& vt.缺乏 n．缺乏 ④impression n．印象；感想；印記 __impress__ v．使留下印象 __impressive__ adj.給人深刻印象的 ⑤adjust vt.調(diào)整；使適應(yīng) __adjustment__ n．調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié) ⑥instant n．瞬間；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的 __instantly__ adv.馬上 2．?？荚~匯 ①greed n．__貪欲；貪婪__ greedy adj.__貪吃的；貪婪的__ ②optimistic adj.__樂觀(主義)的__ pessimistic adj.__悲觀(主義)的__ ③representative n．__代表__ adj.__典型的__ represent v．__代表__ ④settlement n．__定居；解決__ settle v．__定居；解決__ ⑤tolerate vt.__容忍；忍受__ ⑥ecology n．__生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)__ ⑦material n．__原料；材料__ ⑧motivation n．__動機__ 用所給單詞的適當形式填空 1．While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new __aspects__ (aspect) of life，college sets the stage for that exploration.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 2．But when he looked to the side, he saw __instantly__ (instant) that it wasn’t a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.(2017浙江卷) 3．Mr.and Mrs.Brown would like to see their daughter __settled__ (settle) down, get married，and have kids.(2017天津卷) 4．In order to leave some __impressive__ (impress) memories for all of us before graduation, our class made a special video to express our appreciation of our school.(2017北京卷) 5．He sensed there was something trying to get out，something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her __lacking__ (lack)．(2016江蘇卷) 6．Some schools will have to make __adjustments__ (adjust)in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2015江蘇卷) 7．But I homed in，with __uncertainty__ (uncertain)，on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand，full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist.(2015全國卷Ⅰ) 8．Only after talking to two students did I discover that having strong __motivation__ (motivate)is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.(2015湖南卷) ?“早先，以前”家族 ①former adj.過去的，在前的，以前的；formerly adv.以前，從前 ②previous adj.先前的，以前的；previously adv.以前，事先 ③onetime adj.一度的，以前的 ④before adv.先前，從前 ⑤ago adv.以前 ⑥ever before以前 ?單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同的名詞集錦 ①good 善行，利益；goods 貨物 ②brain 腦髓；brains 腦力，智慧 ③custom 習(xí)慣，風(fēng)俗；customs 海關(guān)，關(guān)稅 ④instruction 教授；傳授；instructions 用法說明；操作指南 ⑤look 臉色，看；looks 容貌 ⑥pain 痛苦；pains 辛苦，努力 ⑦sand 沙子；sands 沙灘 ⑧time 時間；times 時代 ?“ment”為后綴的名詞速記 ①appointment n．約會；約定；預(yù)約 ②argument n．爭吵；論據(jù) ③arrangement n．安排；布置 ④assessment n．估計；評估 ⑤development n．發(fā)展；開發(fā) ?“觀點；態(tài)度”的高頻形容詞 ①positive　 積極的 ②negative 消極的 ③subjective 主觀的 ④objective 客觀的 ⑤neutral 中立的 ⑥critical 批評的 ⑦doubtful 懷疑的 ⑧approving 滿意的 【完形填空】 On Christmas Eve，an old man experienced an act of warmth from a local store.The man，who asked not to be identified，was sent home from the emergency room，still not feeling well enough to __1__.The nurses ignored that he was still dizzy and did not feel __2__ behind the wheel.The nurses insisted he was fine and helped put him in his car. Less than a mile down the road his __3__ started playing tricks on him.He thought __4__ he got something and __5__ for several minutes he would be OK.__6__， there was a St.Louis Bread pany store nearby. Then he entered the store and spoke through the window，having very little __7__.At first，the order taker could not understand him.He explained that he just needed a slice of bread，or something light and he only had a couple dollars in __8__.The girl in the window asked him to __9__ while she checked what had been left in the bakery. A few moments later she came back with a large smile on her face and __10__ in her hand.She __11__ presented a loaf of bread and a fancy chocolate cake to the man and said that they were __12__ her.The man offered up her the __13__ and it was quickly turned down.The employee asked if the man was OK to drive and offered to __14__ a police officer in the dining room to follow him home. The man was so __15__ for the generosity of the employee.Not just because she gave him enough bread to help him feel better，but she did it with a(n) __16__.He wasnt looked down upon or __17__ insultingly.The man said it helped him feel better emotionally as well after a __18__ day in the hospital. This story goes to show that one simple loaf of bread can not only __19__ a person for a few meals，but wake the __20__ and help restore the faith in mankind. 1．A.eat B．drive C．survive D．walk 2．A.peaceful B．nervous C．fortable D．fearful 3．A.nurse B．coldness C．car D．eyesight 4．A.though B．before C．if D．because 5．A.shopped B．cooked C．chewed D．looked 6．A.Fortunately B．Immediately C．Slowly D．Obviously 7．A.sleep B．gas C．courage D．voice 8．A.change B．control C．shape D．number 9．A.wait B．think C．move D．listen 10．A.package B．wine C．food D．cash 11．A.hesitantly B．cheerfully C．regretfully D．calmly 12．A.on B．in C．for D．with 13．A.reward B．service C．gratitude D．money 14．A.request B．order C．forbid D．permit 15．A.anxious B．ready C．grateful D．frightened 16．A.ambition B．smile C．nod D．wish 17．A.respected B．loved C．treated D．a(chǎn)dmired 18．A.special B．happy C．busy D．tough 19．A.feed B．save C．starve D．a(chǎn)ttract 20．A.animals B．family C．beggar D．soul 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過講述一位身體不適的老人在醫(yī)院受到的粗暴對待和在面包店受到的熱情關(guān)懷，批評了勢利和冷漠的社會現(xiàn)象，贊揚了人性的善良和熱情。 1．B　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“behind the wheel”和“put him in his car”可知，此處指老人還沒有恢復(fù)到能夠自己開車的程度。故選B。 2．C　考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“平靜的”；B項意為“緊張的”；C項意為“舒服的”；D項意為“害怕的”。根據(jù)本句中的“he was still dizzy”可知，他還不舒服，不宜開車。故選C。 3．D　考查名詞辨析。A項意為“護士”；B項意為“寒冷”；C項意為“汽車”；D項意為“視力”。根據(jù)下文老人認為自己弄點東西吃就沒事了可知，他覺得自己可能太餓了，以至于有點眼花。因此，應(yīng)該是視力在和他開玩笑。故選D。 4．C　考查連詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指他如果能吃點東西就會好了。應(yīng)用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。故選C。 5．C　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)前面的“got something”和下文可知，此處指與吃相關(guān)的動作。C項意為“咀嚼”，符合語境。故選C。 6．A　考查副詞辨析。A項意為“幸運地，幸虧”；B項意為“立刻”；C項意為“慢慢地”；D項意為“明顯地”。前一句講到老人覺得如果能有東西吃可能就沒事了，后面說正好附近有家面包店，所以這是幸運的。故選A。 7．D　考查名詞辨析。A項意為“睡眠”；B項意為“汽油，煤氣”；C項意為“勇氣”；D項意為“聲音”。根據(jù)前文講到老人感到不適、頭昏眼花可知，此處指他沒力氣說話，所以說話聲音很小。故選D。 8．A　考查名詞辨析。此處老人解釋自己只有幾塊錢零錢，表示錢不多的意思。change意為“零錢”，符合語境。故選A。 9．A　考查動詞辨析。面包店的女孩要看一下店里還有什么可給老人吃，所以她讓老人稍等一下。A項意為“等待”，符合語境。故選A。 10．C　考查名詞辨析。女孩是去給老人找吃的，所以她回來時應(yīng)該是手里拿著食物。故選C。 11．B　考查副詞辨析。A項意為“猶豫地”；B項意為“開心地”；C項意為“遺憾地”；D項意為“冷靜地”。根據(jù)上一句中的“with a large smile on her face”可知，女孩找到了食物給老人吃，應(yīng)會很開心。故選B。 12．A　考查介詞辨析。sth.be on sb.意為“某物由某人付賬”。此處指女孩說給老人的這些食物由她買單。故選A。 13．D　考查名詞辨析。前文講到女孩要為老人買單，所以此處表示老人要把錢給女孩。故選D。 14．A　考查動詞辨析。面包店的女店員察覺到老人身體不適，因此問他能否自己開車，并請求在店里就餐的警官陪他回家。request sb.to do sth.意為“請求某人做某事”，符合語境。故選A。 15．C　考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“焦慮的”；B項意為“現(xiàn)成的，情愿的”；C項意為“感謝的”；D項意為“害怕的”。老人非常感激店員的這種慷慨和熱情。故選C。 16．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境和上文中的“with a large smile”可知，老人之所以感謝女孩不僅僅是因為她送他吃的，也是因為女孩在做這些事的時候面帶笑容。故選B。 17．C　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)上文女孩對待老人的態(tài)度可知，他沒有被瞧不起或被粗暴地對待。故選C。 18．D　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中對老人在醫(yī)院的經(jīng)歷可知，他受到了護士粗暴的對待，所以在醫(yī)院的一天是艱難的。tough意為“艱難的，不容易的”，符合語境。故選D。 19．A　考查動詞辨析。句意為：這個故事表明一條面包不僅能讓人吃好幾頓，還能喚醒人們的靈魂，有助于重拾對人性的信心。feed意為“為……提供食物”，符合語境。故選A。 20．D　考查名詞辨析。句意為：這個故事表明一條面包不僅能讓人吃好幾頓，還能喚醒人們的靈魂，有助于重拾對人性的信心。soul意為“靈魂，精神”，符合語境。故選D。 亮點句積累：This story goes to show that one simple loaf of bread can not only feed a person for a few meals，but wake the soul and help restore the faith in mankind.(最后一段) 譯文：這個故事表明一條面包不僅能讓人吃好幾頓，還能喚醒人們的靈魂，有助于人們重拾對人性的信心。 詞匯積累：identify v．認出，同情　emergency n．緊急情況　present v．呈現(xiàn) 二．重點短語→識記思考運用 1．動詞＋副詞(介詞) ①sweep __up__ 打掃；橫掃 ②slide __into__ 移動；溜進 ③take __up__ 拿起；接受；開始；繼續(xù) ④speed __up__ 加速 2．動詞＋名詞＋介詞 ①lose sight __of__ 看不見…… ②catch sight __of__ 看見…… 3．be＋形容詞＋介詞 ①be similar __to__...與……相似 ②be optimistic __about__ 對……感到樂觀 4．其他形式 be back __on__ one’s feet(困境后)恢復(fù)；完全復(fù)原 用左欄所給短語的適當形式填空 1．The instructor kept repeating the word.“__Speed up__！”“Slow down！”(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 2．Peter will __take up__ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.(2015陜西卷) 3．Before moving into his new apartment，Peter had it __swept up__. 4．The boy __slid into__ his bedroom without being seen by his parents. 5．After his operation，the old man __was back on his feet__ again. 6．The child __lost sight of__ his mother in the supermarket，worried，crying bitterly. ?“be＋adj.＋about”必備短語薈萃 ①be certain/sure about 確信 ②be disappointed about 對……感到失望 ③be mad about 對……入迷 ④be nervous about 為……感到不安 ⑤be anxious about 為……憂慮 ⑥be serious about 對……認真 ?“be＋adj.＋to”必備短語一覽 ①be cruel to 對……殘酷 ②be equal to 等于，能勝任 ③be familiar to 為(某人)所熟悉 ④be harmful to 對……有害 ⑤be polite to 對……有禮貌 ⑥be respectful to 尊敬 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.Which problems do you think people will have overe in one thousand years? 你認為一千年后人們將會克服哪些問題？ 特殊疑問詞＋do you think＋特殊疑問句的其他部分。 你認為誰是做這項工作的最佳人選？ __Who do you think__ is the best person to do the work？ 2.Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. 我感到累極了，爬上床很快就睡著了。 形容詞(短語)作狀語。 又累又渴，他走進一家茶館，一個機器人侍者迅速過來招待他。 __Tired and thirsty__，he went into a teahouse and a robot waiter quickly came up to serve him. 3.Inside was an exhibition of the most uptodate inventions of the 31 st century. 太空站里展出了31世紀一些最前沿的發(fā)明。 完全倒裝。 坐在前面的是一位老人，他給我們講述了長征的故事。 __Ahead sat the old man__ who told us the stories about the Long March. 4.Well，now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. 現(xiàn)在，這里有一種裝置，能利用生態(tài)學(xué)原理來處理掉廢棄物。 where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾抽象名詞。 學(xué)生應(yīng)該參加社區(qū)活動，他們從中能獲得成長經(jīng)驗。 Students should involve themselves in munity activities __where they can gain experience__ for growth. 【短文改錯】 Boys and girls， May I have your fully attention, please? I have announcement to make.To wele our friends in the United States，the Student Union was going to hold a party on Saturday evening，F(xiàn)ebruary 20.As never，the party will be held in the lecture hall of the Main Building.They will begin at 7 pm.There will be music，dancing，singing or exchange of gifts.Will everyone please to bring along a small gift for this purpose? Remember to pack it up，sign your name and writing a few words of good wishes.Dont miss the party，where I believe we will have a lot of funs.Everyone is wele. Thats all.Thank you. 【答案】　 Boys and girls， May I have your attention, please? I have announcement to make.To wele our friends the United States，the Student Union going to hold a party on Saturday evening，F(xiàn)ebruary 20.As ，the party will be held in the lecture hall of the Main Building. will begin at 7 pm.There will be music，dancing，singing exchange of gifts.Will everyone please bring along a small gift for this purpose? Remember to pack it up，sign your name and a few words of good wishes.Dont miss the party，where I believe we will have a lot of .Everyone is wele. Thats all.Thank you. 第一處：fully→full。考查形容詞。修飾名詞要用形容詞，故用full。 第二處：announcement前加an。考查冠詞。announcement表示“通告、公告”時是可數(shù)名詞，且此處第一次提到，表示泛指，故應(yīng)加上不定冠詞；announcement的讀音以元音音素開頭，故用an。 第三處：in→from?？疾榻樵~。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示歡迎來自美國的朋友，而不是歡迎在美國的朋友。 第四處：was→is?？疾闀r態(tài)。這里說的是從現(xiàn)在看將要發(fā)生的事情，不能用過去將來時，應(yīng)用一般將來時。 第五處：never→ever。考查行文邏輯。此處表示“像之前一樣，像往常一樣”，故用ever。 第六處：They→It?？疾榇~。此處指代前面的the party，故用It。 第七處：or→and?？疾檫B詞。根據(jù)句意以及下文提到的讓大家準備禮品可知，此處表示并列關(guān)系而非選擇關(guān)系，故用and。 第八處：刪除bring前的to?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞。情態(tài)動詞后應(yīng)用動詞原形，故to多余。 第九處：writing→write?？疾楣潭ù钆洹４颂帒?yīng)用動詞原形write與pack，sign并列。 第十處：funs→fun?？疾槊~。fun為不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。