2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 3 Life in the future（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Unit 3　Life in the future 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 Some people live in the world for body while others for dignity. I once 1.　　　　　　(take) a walk along the street on a Saturday dusk,with a Pepsi can in my hand.An old woman in ragged clothes,2.　　　　　　 was living on collecting used cans,jars and tins,moved slowly towards me,with a bag on the back!3.(walk)nearer,she looked up at me and then fixed her eyes on my can. At that time,I hadn’t finished my cola,so I gave her several coins instead. She stared at me for a few seconds and handed back the money.Quite 4.　　　　　　　　(confuse),I asked,“Why not?Isn’t that 5.　　　　　　　　 you want?” “I am not a 6.　　　　　　　　(beg),” she said seriously,word by word. Instantly,I felt so sorry.I had intended 7.　　　　　　(help)her,pletely misunderstanding her.Thus I hurt her.What I could do at that moment was only to drink up the cola and handed her 8.　　　　　　 emptied can.This time,she gave me a smile with 9.　　　　　　　　(satisfy)and gratitude in her eyes.The woman is poor in material life but is so 10.(respect) as a man.I am not only moved but also have learned a good lesson. 答案1.took　2.who　3.Walking　4.confused　5.what　6.beggar　7.to help　8.the　9.satisfaction　10.respectable (對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)P118) 一．高考單詞→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．核心詞匯 ①__aspect__ n．方面；層面 ②__previous__ adj.在前的；早先的 ③__lack__ vi.& vt.缺乏 n．缺乏 ④impression n．印象；感想；印記 __impress__ v．使留下印象 __impressive__ adj.給人深刻印象的 ⑤adjust vt.調(diào)整；使適應(yīng) __adjustment__ n．調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié) ⑥instant n．瞬間；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的 __instantly__ adv.馬上 2．常考詞匯 ①greed n．__貪欲；貪婪__ greedy adj.__貪吃的；貪婪的__ ②optimistic adj.__樂(lè)觀(主義)的__ pessimistic adj.__悲觀(主義)的__ ③representative n．__代表__ adj.__典型的__ represent v．__代表__ ④settlement n．__定居；解決__ settle v．__定居；解決__ ⑤tolerate vt.__容忍；忍受__ ⑥ecology n．__生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)__ ⑦material n．__原料；材料__ ⑧motivation n．__動(dòng)機(jī)__ 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new __aspects__ (aspect) of life，college sets the stage for that exploration.(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 2．But when he looked to the side, he saw __instantly__ (instant) that it wasn’t a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.(2017浙江卷) 3．Mr.and Mrs.Brown would like to see their daughter __settled__ (settle) down, get married，and have kids.(2017天津卷) 4．In order to leave some __impressive__ (impress) memories for all of us before graduation, our class made a special video to express our appreciation of our school.(2017北京卷) 5．He sensed there was something trying to get out，something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her __lacking__ (lack)．(2016江蘇卷) 6．Some schools will have to make __adjustments__ (adjust)in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2015江蘇卷) 7．But I homed in，with __uncertainty__ (uncertain)，on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand，full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist.(2015全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 8．Only after talking to two students did I discover that having strong __motivation__ (motivate)is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.(2015湖南卷) ?“早先，以前”家族 ①former adj.過(guò)去的，在前的，以前的；formerly adv.以前，從前 ②previous adj.先前的，以前的；previously adv.以前，事先 ③onetime adj.一度的，以前的 ④before adv.先前，從前 ⑤ago adv.以前 ⑥ever before以前 ?單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同的名詞集錦 ①good 善行，利益；goods 貨物 ②brain 腦髓；brains 腦力，智慧 ③custom 習(xí)慣，風(fēng)俗；customs 海關(guān)，關(guān)稅 ④instruction 教授；傳授；instructions 用法說(shuō)明；操作指南 ⑤look 臉色，看；looks 容貌 ⑥pain 痛苦；pains 辛苦，努力 ⑦sand 沙子；sands 沙灘 ⑧time 時(shí)間；times 時(shí)代 ?“ment”為后綴的名詞速記 ①appointment n．約會(huì)；約定；預(yù)約 ②argument n．爭(zhēng)吵；論據(jù) ③arrangement n．安排；布置 ④assessment n．估計(jì)；評(píng)估 ⑤development n．發(fā)展；開(kāi)發(fā) ?“觀點(diǎn)；態(tài)度”的高頻形容詞 ①positive　 積極的 ②negative 消極的 ③subjective 主觀的 ④objective 客觀的 ⑤neutral 中立的 ⑥critical 批評(píng)的 ⑦doubtful 懷疑的 ⑧approving 滿意的 【完形填空】 On Christmas Eve，an old man experienced an act of warmth from a local store.The man，who asked not to be identified，was sent home from the emergency room，still not feeling well enough to __1__.The nurses ignored that he was still dizzy and did not feel __2__ behind the wheel.The nurses insisted he was fine and helped put him in his car. Less than a mile down the road his __3__ started playing tricks on him.He thought __4__ he got something and __5__ for several minutes he would be OK.__6__， there was a St.Louis Bread pany store nearby. Then he entered the store and spoke through the window，having very little __7__.At first，the order taker could not understand him.He explained that he just needed a slice of bread，or something light and he only had a couple dollars in __8__.The girl in the window asked him to __9__ while she checked what had been left in the bakery. A few moments later she came back with a large smile on her face and __10__ in her hand.She __11__ presented a loaf of bread and a fancy chocolate cake to the man and said that they were __12__ her.The man offered up her the __13__ and it was quickly turned down.The employee asked if the man was OK to drive and offered to __14__ a police officer in the dining room to follow him home. The man was so __15__ for the generosity of the employee.Not just because she gave him enough bread to help him feel better，but she did it with a(n) __16__.He wasnt looked down upon or __17__ insultingly.The man said it helped him feel better emotionally as well after a __18__ day in the hospital. This story goes to show that one simple loaf of bread can not only __19__ a person for a few meals，but wake the __20__ and help restore the faith in mankind. 1．A.eat B．drive C．survive D．walk 2．A.peaceful B．nervous C．fortable D．fearful 3．A.nurse B．coldness C．car D．eyesight 4．A.though B．before C．if D．because 5．A.shopped B．cooked C．chewed D．looked 6．A.Fortunately B．Immediately C．Slowly D．Obviously 7．A.sleep B．gas C．courage D．voice 8．A.change B．control C．shape D．number 9．A.wait B．think C．move D．listen 10．A.package B．wine C．food D．cash 11．A.hesitantly B．cheerfully C．regretfully D．calmly 12．A.on B．in C．for D．with 13．A.reward B．service C．gratitude D．money 14．A.request B．order C．forbid D．permit 15．A.anxious B．ready C．grateful D．frightened 16．A.ambition B．smile C．nod D．wish 17．A.respected B．loved C．treated D．a(chǎn)dmired 18．A.special B．happy C．busy D．tough 19．A.feed B．save C．starve D．a(chǎn)ttract 20．A.animals B．family C．beggar D．soul 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過(guò)講述一位身體不適的老人在醫(yī)院受到的粗暴對(duì)待和在面包店受到的熱情關(guān)懷，批評(píng)了勢(shì)利和冷漠的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，贊揚(yáng)了人性的善良和熱情。 1．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“behind the wheel”和“put him in his car”可知，此處指老人還沒(méi)有恢復(fù)到能夠自己開(kāi)車(chē)的程度。故選B。 2．C　考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“平靜的”；B項(xiàng)意為“緊張的”；C項(xiàng)意為“舒服的”；D項(xiàng)意為“害怕的”。根據(jù)本句中的“he was still dizzy”可知，他還不舒服，不宜開(kāi)車(chē)。故選C。 3．D　考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“護(hù)士”；B項(xiàng)意為“寒冷”；C項(xiàng)意為“汽車(chē)”；D項(xiàng)意為“視力”。根據(jù)下文老人認(rèn)為自己弄點(diǎn)東西吃就沒(méi)事了可知，他覺(jué)得自己可能太餓了，以至于有點(diǎn)眼花。因此，應(yīng)該是視力在和他開(kāi)玩笑。故選D。 4．C　考查連詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指他如果能吃點(diǎn)東西就會(huì)好了。應(yīng)用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。故選C。 5．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)前面的“got something”和下文可知，此處指與吃相關(guān)的動(dòng)作。C項(xiàng)意為“咀嚼”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。 6．A　考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“幸運(yùn)地，幸虧”；B項(xiàng)意為“立刻”；C項(xiàng)意為“慢慢地”；D項(xiàng)意為“明顯地”。前一句講到老人覺(jué)得如果能有東西吃可能就沒(méi)事了，后面說(shuō)正好附近有家面包店，所以這是幸運(yùn)的。故選A。 7．D　考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“睡眠”；B項(xiàng)意為“汽油，煤氣”；C項(xiàng)意為“勇氣”；D項(xiàng)意為“聲音”。根據(jù)前文講到老人感到不適、頭昏眼花可知，此處指他沒(méi)力氣說(shuō)話，所以說(shuō)話聲音很小。故選D。 8．A　考查名詞辨析。此處老人解釋自己只有幾塊錢(qián)零錢(qián)，表示錢(qián)不多的意思。change意為“零錢(qián)”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 9．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。面包店的女孩要看一下店里還有什么可給老人吃，所以她讓老人稍等一下。A項(xiàng)意為“等待”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 10．C　考查名詞辨析。女孩是去給老人找吃的，所以她回來(lái)時(shí)應(yīng)該是手里拿著食物。故選C。 11．B　考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“猶豫地”；B項(xiàng)意為“開(kāi)心地”；C項(xiàng)意為“遺憾地”；D項(xiàng)意為“冷靜地”。根據(jù)上一句中的“with a large smile on her face”可知，女孩找到了食物給老人吃，應(yīng)會(huì)很開(kāi)心。故選B。 12．A　考查介詞辨析。sth.be on sb.意為“某物由某人付賬”。此處指女孩說(shuō)給老人的這些食物由她買(mǎi)單。故選A。 13．D　考查名詞辨析。前文講到女孩要為老人買(mǎi)單，所以此處表示老人要把錢(qián)給女孩。故選D。 14．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。面包店的女店員察覺(jué)到老人身體不適，因此問(wèn)他能否自己開(kāi)車(chē)，并請(qǐng)求在店里就餐的警官陪他回家。request sb.to do sth.意為“請(qǐng)求某人做某事”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 15．C　考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“焦慮的”；B項(xiàng)意為“現(xiàn)成的，情愿的”；C項(xiàng)意為“感謝的”；D項(xiàng)意為“害怕的”。老人非常感激店員的這種慷慨和熱情。故選C。 16．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和上文中的“with a large smile”可知，老人之所以感謝女孩不僅僅是因?yàn)樗退缘?，也是因?yàn)榕⒃谧鲞@些事的時(shí)候面帶笑容。故選B。 17．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)上文女孩對(duì)待老人的態(tài)度可知，他沒(méi)有被瞧不起或被粗暴地對(duì)待。故選C。 18．D　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中對(duì)老人在醫(yī)院的經(jīng)歷可知，他受到了護(hù)士粗暴的對(duì)待，所以在醫(yī)院的一天是艱難的。tough意為“艱難的，不容易的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。 19．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意為：這個(gè)故事表明一條面包不僅能讓人吃好幾頓，還能喚醒人們的靈魂，有助于重拾對(duì)人性的信心。feed意為“為……提供食物”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 20．D　考查名詞辨析。句意為：這個(gè)故事表明一條面包不僅能讓人吃好幾頓，還能喚醒人們的靈魂，有助于重拾對(duì)人性的信心。soul意為“靈魂，精神”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。 亮點(diǎn)句積累：This story goes to show that one simple loaf of bread can not only feed a person for a few meals，but wake the soul and help restore the faith in mankind.(最后一段) 譯文：這個(gè)故事表明一條面包不僅能讓人吃好幾頓，還能喚醒人們的靈魂，有助于人們重拾對(duì)人性的信心。 詞匯積累：identify v．認(rèn)出，同情　emergency n．緊急情況　present v．呈現(xiàn) 二．重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．動(dòng)詞＋副詞(介詞) ①sweep __up__ 打掃；橫掃 ②slide __into__ 移動(dòng)；溜進(jìn) ③take __up__ 拿起；接受；開(kāi)始；繼續(xù) ④speed __up__ 加速 2．動(dòng)詞＋名詞＋介詞 ①lose sight __of__ 看不見(jiàn)…… ②catch sight __of__ 看見(jiàn)…… 3．be＋形容詞＋介詞 ①be similar __to__...與……相似 ②be optimistic __about__ 對(duì)……感到樂(lè)觀 4．其他形式 be back __on__ one’s feet(困境后)恢復(fù)；完全復(fù)原 用左欄所給短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．The instructor kept repeating the word.“__Speed up__！”“Slow down！”(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 2．Peter will __take up__ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.(2015陜西卷) 3．Before moving into his new apartment，Peter had it __swept up__. 4．The boy __slid into__ his bedroom without being seen by his parents. 5．After his operation，the old man __was back on his feet__ again. 6．The child __lost sight of__ his mother in the supermarket，worried，crying bitterly. ?“be＋adj.＋about”必備短語(yǔ)薈萃 ①be certain/sure about 確信 ②be disappointed about 對(duì)……感到失望 ③be mad about 對(duì)……入迷 ④be nervous about 為……感到不安 ⑤be anxious about 為……憂慮 ⑥be serious about 對(duì)……認(rèn)真 ?“be＋adj.＋to”必備短語(yǔ)一覽 ①be cruel to 對(duì)……殘酷 ②be equal to 等于，能勝任 ③be familiar to 為(某人)所熟悉 ④be harmful to 對(duì)……有害 ⑤be polite to 對(duì)……有禮貌 ⑥be respectful to 尊敬 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫(xiě)中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫(xiě) 1.Which problems do you think people will have overe in one thousand years? 你認(rèn)為一千年后人們將會(huì)克服哪些問(wèn)題？ 特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋do you think＋特殊疑問(wèn)句的其他部分。 你認(rèn)為誰(shuí)是做這項(xiàng)工作的最佳人選？ __Who do you think__ is the best person to do the work？ 2.Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. 我感到累極了，爬上床很快就睡著了。 形容詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)。 又累又渴，他走進(jìn)一家茶館，一個(gè)機(jī)器人侍者迅速過(guò)來(lái)招待他。 __Tired and thirsty__，he went into a teahouse and a robot waiter quickly came up to serve him. 3.Inside was an exhibition of the most uptodate inventions of the 31 st century. 太空站里展出了31世紀(jì)一些最前沿的發(fā)明。 完全倒裝。 坐在前面的是一位老人，他給我們講述了長(zhǎng)征的故事。 __Ahead sat the old man__ who told us the stories about the Long March. 4.Well，now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. 現(xiàn)在，這里有一種裝置，能利用生態(tài)學(xué)原理來(lái)處理掉廢棄物。 where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾抽象名詞。 學(xué)生應(yīng)該參加社區(qū)活動(dòng)，他們從中能獲得成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 Students should involve themselves in munity activities __where they can gain experience__ for growth. 【短文改錯(cuò)】 Boys and girls， May I have your fully attention, please? I have announcement to make.To wele our friends in the United States，the Student Union was going to hold a party on Saturday evening，F(xiàn)ebruary 20.As never，the party will be held in the lecture hall of the Main Building.They will begin at 7 pm.There will be music，dancing，singing or exchange of gifts.Will everyone please to bring along a small gift for this purpose? Remember to pack it up，sign your name and writing a few words of good wishes.Dont miss the party，where I believe we will have a lot of funs.Everyone is wele. Thats all.Thank you. 【答案】　 Boys and girls， May I have your attention, please? I have announcement to make.To wele our friends the United States，the Student Union going to hold a party on Saturday evening，F(xiàn)ebruary 20.As ，the party will be held in the lecture hall of the Main Building. will begin at 7 pm.There will be music，dancing，singing exchange of gifts.Will everyone please bring along a small gift for this purpose? Remember to pack it up，sign your name and a few words of good wishes.Dont miss the party，where I believe we will have a lot of .Everyone is wele. Thats all.Thank you. 第一處：fully→full?？疾樾稳菰~。修飾名詞要用形容詞，故用full。 第二處：announcement前加an?？疾楣谠~。announcement表示“通告、公告”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，且此處第一次提到，表示泛指，故應(yīng)加上不定冠詞；announcement的讀音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，故用an。 第三處：in→from?？疾榻樵~。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示歡迎來(lái)自美國(guó)的朋友，而不是歡迎在美國(guó)的朋友。 第四處：was→is?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。這里說(shuō)的是從現(xiàn)在看將要發(fā)生的事情，不能用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 第五處：never→ever?？疾樾形倪壿嫛４颂幈硎尽跋裰耙粯?，像往常一樣”，故用ever。 第六處：They→It。考查代詞。此處指代前面的the party，故用It。 第七處：or→and?？疾檫B詞。根據(jù)句意以及下文提到的讓大家準(zhǔn)備禮品可知，此處表示并列關(guān)系而非選擇關(guān)系，故用and。 第八處：刪除bring前的to?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形，故to多余。 第九處：writing→write?？疾楣潭ù钆洹４颂帒?yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形write與pack，sign并列。 第十處：funs→fun?？疾槊~。fun為不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。