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南昌航空大學(xué)科技學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文
三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及應(yīng)用
學(xué)生姓名：邱志慶 班級(jí)：0781052
指導(dǎo)老師：賀紅林
摘要：從60年代初發(fā)明到現(xiàn)在，三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)（CMM）在制造業(yè)得到世界范圍廣泛應(yīng)用，成為3D檢測工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備。三坐標(biāo)測量技術(shù)得到迅速發(fā)展，而配套檢測軟件的發(fā)展，更是突飛猛進(jìn)。最早的三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)只能顯示XYZ坐標(biāo)，而目前的各種檢測軟件幾乎可以解決用戶的絕大部分問題。軟件日益成為影響用戶使用好壞的關(guān)鍵所在。CMM測量軟件發(fā)展趨勢，對于傳統(tǒng)的三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)檢測來說，通常是設(shè)計(jì)部門提供二維圖紙，檢驗(yàn)部門根據(jù)圖紙對工件進(jìn)行尺寸及形位公差的檢測。隨著三維CAD軟件的應(yīng)用，越來越多的技術(shù)部門使用三維CAD建模技術(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。因此，各坐標(biāo)機(jī)廠家紛紛推出了基于三維CAD技術(shù)的測量軟件，直接將客戶設(shè)計(jì)好的三維CAD模型導(dǎo)入測量軟件進(jìn)行檢測。這樣做的優(yōu)點(diǎn)非常明顯，不需要額外的圖紙，理論值可以直接捕獲，更可以進(jìn)行測量仿真，測頭干涉檢查等，所以，受到用戶的一致好評(píng)。基于CAD的測量成為目前三坐標(biāo)測量軟件的發(fā)展熱點(diǎn)。
關(guān)鍵詞 三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī) 傳感器 三維 傳動(dòng)裝置
指導(dǎo)老師簽名：
Coordinate measuring machine mechanical design and application
Student name:qiu zhi qing Class：0781052
Supervisor:he hong lin
Abstract：Invents from the beginning of the 60's to present, coordinate measuring machines (CMM) obtains the worldwide scale widespread application in the manufacturing industry, becomes the 3D examination industry standard equipment. Three coordinates survey technology obtains the rapid development, but the necessary examination software development, is progresses by leaps and bounds. The earliest coordinate measuring machines only can demonstrate the XYZ coordinates, but the present each kind of examination software may solve user's major part problem nearly. The software becomes the influence user use quality the key to be at day by day. The CMM survey software trend of development, regarding the traditional coordinate measuring machines examination, usually is designs the department to provide the two-dimensional blueprint, the inspection department carries on the size and the shape position common difference examination according to the blueprint to the work piece. Along with the three dimensional CAD software application, the more and more many technical department uses the three dimensional CAD modeling technology to carry on the design. Therefore, various coordinates machine factory has promoted in abundance based on the three dimensional CAD technology survey software, the three dimensional CAD model which designs the customer inducts directly surveys the software to carry on the examination. Does this the merit is extremely obvious, does not need the extra blueprint, the theoretical value may catch directly, may carry on the survey simulation, the gauge head interference inspection and so on, therefore, receives the user the consistent high praise. Survey the software based on the CAD survey into at present three coordinates the development hot spot.
Key words Coordinate measuring machines Sensor Three dimensional Transmission device
Signature of Supervisor:
目 錄
摘要………………………………………………………………………………I
Abstract………………………………………………………………………II
1 緒論…………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展…………………………………………1
1.2 三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)測量原理………………………………………………5
1.2.1 三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)的組成…………………………………………7
1.2.2 三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)……………………………………7
1.3 設(shè)計(jì)要求………………………………………………………………8
2 三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)方案……………………………………8
2.1 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)和內(nèi)容………………………………………………………8
2.2 總體設(shè)計(jì)方案擬訂……………………………………………………9
2.2.1 三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)機(jī)械部分設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………9
2.2.2 三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)電路部分設(shè)計(jì)………………………………10
2.3 參數(shù)的確定……………………………………………………………18
3 三坐標(biāo)測量進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算………………………………19
3.1 動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇計(jì)算……………………………………………………19 3.1.1 調(diào)速電動(dòng)機(jī)的容量的計(jì)算…………………………………19
3.1.2 步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的概述…………………………………………19
3.1.3 步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的容量的計(jì)算…………………………………20
3.2 軸概述 ………………………………………………………………20
3.2.1 軸的用途……………………………………………………20
3.2.2 軸的材料……………………………………………………21
3.2.3 軸的材料……………………………………………………21
3.3 軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………21
3.3.1 擬定軸上零件的裝配方案…………………………………22
3.3.2 軸上零件的定位 ……………………………………………22
3.3.3 軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………23
3.3.4 初步設(shè)計(jì)軸的最小直徑.............................24
3.3.5 擬定軸上零件的裝配方案…………………………………25
3.3.6 根據(jù)軸向定位的要求確定軸的個(gè)段直徑和長度…………26
3.3.7 軸上零件的軸向定位………………………………………27
3.3.8 確定軸上圓角和倒角尺寸…………………………………27
3.4 絲杠螺母副的選用計(jì)算……………………………………………27
3.4.1 絲杠螺母的導(dǎo)程的確定……………………………………27
3.4.2 確定絲杠的等效轉(zhuǎn)速………………………………………27
3.4.3 絲杠的等效負(fù)………………………………………………27
3.4.4 確定絲杠所受的最大動(dòng)載荷Cax……………………………27
3.4.5 臨界壓縮負(fù)荷Fcr……………………………………………28
3.4.6 臨界轉(zhuǎn)速驗(yàn)算………………………………………………28
3.4.7 計(jì)算軸承動(dòng)載荷……………………………………………29
3.4.8 絲杠拉壓振動(dòng)和扭轉(zhuǎn)振動(dòng)的固有頻率驗(yàn)算………………30
3.5 絲杠的扭轉(zhuǎn)剛度……………………………………………………30
3.6 傳動(dòng)精度計(jì)算………………………………………………………31
3.7 導(dǎo)軌的選型及計(jì)算…………………………………………………32
3.7.1 滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌的結(jié)構(gòu)及配………………………………………32
3.7.2 滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌副的預(yù)緊…………………………………………33
3.7.3 滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌副潤滑防護(hù)………………………………………33
3.8 橫向伺服進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算（同以上方法）……………………33
3.9 縱向、橫向的移動(dòng)工作臺(tái)的裝配圖（見附圖1）…………………33
4 夾具的初步設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………34
4.1 載要…………………………………………………………………34
4.2 機(jī)床夾具的基本要求………………………………………………34
4.3 機(jī)床夾具概述………………………………………………………35
4.3.1 機(jī)床夾具的分類……………………………………………35
4.3.2 夾具的作用…………………………………………………35
4.3.3 夾具的組成…………………………………………………36
4.4 螺旋夾緊裝置………………………………………………………37
4.4.1 螺旋夾緊力計(jì)算……………………………………………37
4.4.2 螺旋夾緊的自鎖性能和傳力系數(shù)…………………………38
4.5 螺旋夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)………………………………………………39
4.6 橫向伺服系統(tǒng)和立拄的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算…………………………………39
結(jié)論 …………………………………………………………………………40
致謝 …………………………………………………………………………41
參考文獻(xiàn) …………………………………………………………………42
附錄 …………………………………………………………………………43
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